Korkman M
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Neurology, Finland.
Neuropsychol Rev. 1999 Jun;9(2):89-105. doi: 10.1023/a:1025659808004.
The first part of this article examines the theoretical justification for applying Luria's approach in the assessment of children. It is concluded that Luria's concepts of functional systems and the principle of specifying primary and secondary deficits may be applied to children. However, the selection of functional components to assess should be based on traditions of child neuropsychology rather than on Luria's assessment of adults. In addition, the tendency for comorbid disorders, mechanisms of neural adaptation to damage, and the prevalent types of brain abnormality in children render brain-behavior relationships more complex in children than in adults. The second part of the article describes how Luria's methods were adapted for use with children. An assessment, NEPSY, was developed by integrating Luria's views with contemporary child neuropsychological traditions. The NEPSY includes 27 homogeneous and psychometrically developed subtests, standardized in the United States and Finland for the age range of 3 to 12 years. The rationale of analyzing disorders of cognitive processes through a comprehensive and systematic assessment of their components, characteristic of Luria's approach, was preserved, but more specific principles of diagnosis were modified. Research findings obtained with a previously published, Finnish NEPSY version are presented.
本文的第一部分探讨了在儿童评估中应用鲁利亚方法的理论依据。得出的结论是，鲁利亚的功能系统概念以及确定原发性和继发性缺陷的原则可应用于儿童。然而，评估功能成分的选择应基于儿童神经心理学的传统，而非鲁利亚对成人的评估。此外，儿童共病障碍的倾向、神经对损伤的适应机制以及儿童中普遍存在的脑异常类型，使得儿童的脑-行为关系比成人更为复杂。文章的第二部分描述了鲁利亚的方法是如何适用于儿童的。通过将鲁利亚的观点与当代儿童神经心理学传统相结合，开发了一种评估工具——NEPSY。NEPSY包括27个同类且经过心理测量学开发的子测验，在美国和芬兰针对3至12岁年龄范围进行了标准化。通过对认知过程成分进行全面系统评估来分析障碍的基本原理，这是鲁利亚方法的特点，得以保留，但更具体的诊断原则有所修改。文中还展示了使用先前发表的芬兰版NEPSY所获得的研究结果。
