Blount B C, Silva M J, Caudill S P, Needham L L, Pirkle J L, Sampson E J, Lucier G W, Jackson R J, Brock J W
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Oct;108(10):979-82. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108979.
Using a novel and highly selective technique, we measured monoester metabolites of seven commonly used phthalates in urine samples from a reference population of 289 adult humans. This analytical approach allowed us to directly measure the individual phthalate metabolites responsible for the animal reproductive and developmental toxicity while avoiding contamination from the ubiquitous parent compounds. The monoesters with the highest urinary levels found were monoethyl phthalate (95th percentile, 3,750 ppb, 2,610 microg/g creatinine), monobutyl phthalate (95th percentile, 294 ppb, 162 microg/g creatinine), and monobenzyl phthalate (95th percentile, 137 ppb, 92 microg/g creatinine), reflecting exposure to diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and benzyl butyl phthalate. Women of reproductive age (20-40 years) were found to have significantly higher levels of monobutyl phthalate, a reproductive and developmental toxicant in rodents, than other age/gender groups (p < 0.005). Current scientific and regulatory attention on phthalates has focused almost exclusively on health risks from exposure to only two phthalates, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-isononyl phthalate. Our findings strongly suggest that health-risk assessments for phthalate exposure in humans should include diethyl, dibutyl, and benzyl butyl phthalates.
我们采用一种新颖且高度选择性的技术，对来自289名成年人类参考人群的尿液样本中七种常用邻苯二甲酸酯的单酯代谢物进行了测量。这种分析方法使我们能够直接测量导致动物生殖和发育毒性的单个邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物，同时避免无处不在的母体化合物的污染。尿液中含量最高的单酯是邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（第95百分位数，3750 ppb，2610微克/克肌酐）、邻苯二甲酸单丁酯（第95百分位数，294 ppb，162微克/克肌酐）和邻苯二甲酸单苄酯（第95百分位数，137 ppb，92微克/克肌酐），这反映了对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和苄基丁基邻苯二甲酸酯的接触。结果发现，育龄妇女（20 - 40岁）体内邻苯二甲酸单丁酯（一种对啮齿动物具有生殖和发育毒性的物质）的含量显著高于其他年龄/性别组（p < 0.005）。目前科学界和监管机构对邻苯二甲酸酯的关注几乎完全集中在仅接触两种邻苯二甲酸酯，即邻苯二甲酸二（2 - 乙基己基）酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯所带来的健康风险上。我们的研究结果强烈表明，对人类邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的健康风险评估应包括邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和苄基丁基邻苯二甲酸酯。
