Pattison C P, Maynard J E, Berquist D R, Webster H M
Am J Epidemiol. 1975 Jan;101(1):59-64. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112071.
To identify occupational categories and work areas of possible risk for acquisition of nosocomial hepatitis B by hospital personnel, serologic sampling for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (anti-HBS) by radioimmunoassay was carried out in 513 employees of a large metropolitan hospital serving predominantly indigent patients. HBSAg was detected in 0.7%, HBSAg and anti-HBS in 0.4%, and anti-HBS in 13.3% of the study population. No significant difference in seropositivity was noted between sexes. Furthermore, neither exposure to patients with hapatitis nor previous blood transfusion correlated with serologic evidence of hepatitis B infection. However, frequency and intensity of exposure to blood products was associated with serologic evidence of infection: 18.9% of those with frequent blood contact were positive for HBSAg or anti-HBS, compared with 11.4% of those without blood product exposure (p less than .05). Direct patient contact, apart from blood exposure, did not appear operative as a major factor in hepatitis B transmission in this population. Accordingly, occupational categories and work areas with highest risk for acquisition of nosocomial hepatitis B were those with greatest blood exposure.
为确定医院工作人员感染医院内获得性乙型肝炎的可能风险的职业类别和工作区域，对一家主要为贫困患者服务的大型都市医院的513名员工进行了放射免疫法检测乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBSAg）和抗体（抗-HBS）的血清学采样。在研究人群中，0.7%检测到HBSAg，0.4%检测到HBSAg和抗-HBS，13.3%检测到抗-HBS。性别之间血清阳性率无显著差异。此外，接触肝炎患者或既往输血史均与乙型肝炎感染的血清学证据无关。然而，接触血液制品的频率和强度与感染的血清学证据相关：经常接触血液的人中有18.9%的HBSAg或抗-HBS呈阳性，而未接触血液制品的人中有11.4%呈阳性（p小于0.05）。在该人群中，除血液接触外，直接接触患者似乎并非乙型肝炎传播的主要因素。因此，医院内获得性乙型肝炎感染风险最高的职业类别和工作区域是血液接触最多的类别和区域。
