Riojas-Rodríguez H, Romano-Riquer P, Santos-Burgoa C, Smith K R
Instituto de Salud Ambiente y Trabajo, México, DF, Mexico.
Int J Occup Environ Health. 2001 Jan-Mar;7(1):44-53. doi: 10.1179/107735201800339650.
A follow-up study in two rural communities in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, compared families that used an improved stove for cooking with those that used traditional open-fire stoves, to assess the risks of respiratory symptoms in children and women exposed to wood smoke. 16-hour measurements showed that the concentration of particles less than 10 microm in diameter was significantly lower in households with the better stoves in the kitchen area, where children usually play, i.e., 158 microg/m3 vs 305 microg/m3 (p = 0.03). Multivariate models showed that using the better stove tended to protect against symptoms such as the common cold in children (RR 0.24; 9.5% CI 0.05, 1.02). Use of more firewood was linked to greater risks of experiencing difficulty breathing (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.04, 1.27) and the common cold (RR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01, 1.18) in women. The use of stoves that require less wood for cooking reduces the risks of respiratory symptoms that may contribute to complicated respiratory diseases and mortality.
在墨西哥恰帕斯州的两个农村社区进行的一项后续研究，对使用改良炉灶做饭的家庭与使用传统明火炉灶的家庭进行了比较，以评估接触木烟的儿童和妇女出现呼吸道症状的风险。16小时的测量结果显示，在儿童通常玩耍的厨房区域，使用更好炉灶的家庭中直径小于10微米的颗粒物浓度显著更低，即158微克/立方米对比305微克/立方米（p = 0.03）。多变量模型显示，使用更好的炉灶往往能预防儿童出现如普通感冒等症状（风险比率0.24；9.5%置信区间0.05，1.02）。使用更多木柴与女性出现呼吸困难（风险比率1.15；95%置信区间1.04，1.27）和普通感冒（风险比率1.09；95%置信区间1.01，1.18）的更高风险相关。使用烹饪时需要较少木柴的炉灶可降低可能导致复杂呼吸道疾病和死亡的呼吸道症状风险。
