Kireszenbaum F, Ferraresi R W
Infect Immun. 1979 Jul;25(1):273-8. doi: 10.1128/iai.25.1.273-278.1979.
N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide [MDP]) enhanced resistance against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. This effect was evidenced by significant reductions in both parasitemias and mortality rates and increased survival time in MDP-treated animals compared with untreated infected mice. MDP effectively augmented host resistance when administered in any one of the following ways: (i) continuous subcutaneous release from an osmotic minipump for a 7-day period starting 2 days before infection; (ii) as a single dose of 0.5 mg injected intraperitoneally 48 h before infection; or (iii) injected intraperitoneally at 48-h intervals during the first 16 days after infection. CBA/J mice, which exhibit very low, insignificant augmentation of reticuloendothelial activity by MDP but are susceptible to its adjuvant effect, failed to manifest enhancement of resistance to T. cruzi infection when treated with MDP under regimens that cause increased resistance in other mouse strains. These results suggest that MDP enhances resistance against T. cruzi infection by stimulating the activity of the phagocytic cells of the host. Adjuvant effect appears to play either a less significant role or no relevant role, except when MDP is administered repeatedly after infection.
N-乙酰胞壁酰-L-丙氨酰-D-异谷氨酰胺（胞壁酰二肽[MDP]）可增强小鼠对克氏锥虫感染的抵抗力。与未处理的感染小鼠相比，MDP处理的动物体内寄生虫血症和死亡率显著降低，存活时间延长，从而证明了这种效果。当以以下任何一种方式给药时，MDP均能有效增强宿主抵抗力：(i) 从感染前2天开始，通过渗透微型泵连续皮下释放7天；(ii) 在感染前48小时腹腔注射0.5 mg单剂量；或(iii) 在感染后的前16天内每隔48小时腹腔注射一次。CBA/J小鼠对MDP诱导的网状内皮系统活性增强作用非常低且不显著，但对其佐剂效应敏感，在其他小鼠品系中能增强抵抗力的给药方案下，用MDP处理时未能表现出对克氏锥虫感染抵抗力的增强。这些结果表明，MDP通过刺激宿主吞噬细胞的活性来增强对克氏锥虫感染的抵抗力。除了在感染后反复给予MDP外，佐剂效应似乎作用较小或无相关作用。
