Hartos J L, Eitel P, Simons-Morton B
Prevention Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7510, USA.
Prev Sci. 2001 Jun;2(2):113-22. doi: 10.1023/a:1011595714636.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and injury to teenagers. Crash risks result from their age, inexperience, and risky driving. The purpose of this study was to determine whether parent-imposed delayed licensure and restricted driving are related to fewer teenage risky driving behaviors. At baseline, 275 teenagers with a learner's permit and one of their parents were interviewed about driving attitudes and teenage behaviors. One year later, 161 of the teenagers had since obtained a provisional license and were reinterviewed about time of licensure, parental restrictions on driving, and driving attitudes and behaviors. The results indicated that parents delayed licensure until teens were "ready," and limited their driving in terms of trip and risk conditions. Higher levels of risky driving behaviors were predicted by younger ages at licensure and fewer limits on driving in the first month, in addition to male gender, higher conflict over driving, lower perceptions of dangers related to driving, more problem behaviors at baseline, and more high-risk driving (e.g., at night, teenage passengers). Overall, the results indicate that a combination of being older at licensure and restricting driving under high-risk conditions at licensure may be an effective way to curb teens' risky driving behaviors.
机动车碰撞事故是青少年伤亡的主要原因。碰撞风险源于他们的年龄、缺乏经验以及危险驾驶行为。本研究的目的是确定父母强制延迟发放驾照和限制驾驶是否与青少年危险驾驶行为的减少有关。在基线阶段，对275名持有学习许可证的青少年及其父母之一进行了关于驾驶态度和青少年行为的访谈。一年后，其中161名青少年获得了临时驾照，并再次接受了关于领证时间、父母对驾驶的限制以及驾驶态度和行为的访谈。结果表明，父母会将发放驾照的时间推迟到青少年“准备好”，并在行程和风险条件方面限制他们的驾驶。除了男性性别、在驾驶问题上有更高的冲突、对驾驶相关危险的认知较低、基线时有更多问题行为以及更多高风险驾驶行为（如夜间驾驶、搭载青少年乘客）外，领证时年龄较小以及在第一个月对驾驶的限制较少也预示着更高水平的危险驾驶行为。总体而言，结果表明，延迟领证年龄以及在领证时限制高风险条件下的驾驶相结合，可能是遏制青少年危险驾驶行为的有效方法。
