Shahar D R, Yerushalmi N, Lubin F, Froom P, Shahar A, Kristal-Boneh E
The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Seva, Israel.
Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(2):129-33. doi: 10.1023/a:1017542928978.
Nutritional epidemiology studies are usually based on one dietary assessment without taking into account the season in which the interview is taken or adjusting for the difference in reporting dietary intake in different seasons. The semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire has become the primary questionnaire method for measuring dietary intake in epidemiological studies. The aims of this report were (a) to evaluate the effect of season on dietary intake as measured by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) conducted twice: once in summer and a second time in winter; and (b) to assess the effect of the differences in dietary intake on biochemical and anthropometric seasonal related changes, such as serum cholesterol and body mass index (BMI).
The study population consisted of 94 male industrial employees who participated in clinical biochemical and physical examinations as well as evaluation of their dietary intake twice a year. Dietary intake was assessed using the semiquantitative FFQ that included 96 items and was conducted by a personal interview.
We found a significant increase in the intake of selected nutrients in winter as compared to summer as well as an increased intake of animal fat-containing foods such as meat and dairy products. Significant correlation coefficients were shown between the increase in dietary intake of saturated fat and the increase in BMI, serum total and LDL cholesterol. The increase in dietary cholesterol was significantly and positively correlated with the increase in serum total and LDL cholesterol.
Although FFQ are designed to assess average yearly food intake, we identified significant seasonal changes in dietary intake as measured by FFQ. These changes have a health impact on our population.
营养流行病学研究通常基于单次饮食评估，未考虑访谈进行的季节，也未对不同季节饮食摄入量报告差异进行调整。半定量食物频率问卷已成为流行病学研究中测量饮食摄入量的主要问卷方法。本报告的目的是：（a）评估季节对通过半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）测量的饮食摄入量的影响，该问卷在夏季和冬季各进行一次；（b）评估饮食摄入量差异对生化指标和人体测量学季节性相关变化的影响，如血清胆固醇和体重指数（BMI）。
研究人群包括94名男性产业工人，他们每年参加两次临床生化和体格检查以及饮食摄入量评估。饮食摄入量通过包含96个条目的半定量FFQ进行评估，并通过个人访谈完成。
我们发现，与夏季相比，冬季某些营养素的摄入量显著增加，含动物脂肪的食物（如肉类和乳制品）的摄入量也有所增加。饱和脂肪饮食摄入量的增加与BMI、血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的增加之间显示出显著的相关系数。饮食胆固醇的增加与血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的增加显著正相关。
尽管FFQ旨在评估年平均食物摄入量，但我们发现通过FFQ测量的饮食摄入量存在显著的季节性变化。这些变化对我们的人群健康有影响。
