Saadatian-Elahi Mitra, Toniolo Paolo, Ferrari Pietro, Goudable Joëlle, Akhmedkhanov Arslan, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne, Riboli Elio
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Nov;11(11):1353-60.
Migrant and experimental animal studies suggest that differences in breast cancer incidence rates may be related, in part, to intake of dietary fat. The experimental evidence indicates that total fat, saturated, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may stimulate both mammary tumor growth and metastasis, whereas n-3 PUFAs may have a tumor-inhibiting effect. Overall, epidemiological studies do not appear to confirm such observations. Within a cohort of women in the New York University Women's Health Study, the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography among 197 pre- and postmenopausal clinically identified breast cancer subjects and their matched controls. Individual fatty acids in serum phospholipids were expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids. No significant difference was observed in the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids, or n-6 and n-3 PUFAs between cases and controls. After menopause, total SFAs were positively associated with the risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73-5.25; P = 0.05] after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Myristc acid (C14:0) was suggestive of a small increase in breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 0.78-6.31), whereas palmitic acid (C16:0) showed similar trends in postmenopausal women (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 0.99-6.61). Overall, total PUFAs (n-6 and n-3) were suggestive of a small protective effect (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.31-1.09). No significant associations were found between other fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer. The study suggested evidence of an association between serum levels of SFAs and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Neither individual n-3 fatty acids of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3), nor n-6 PUFAs were related to cancer risk in this study.
移民和实验动物研究表明，乳腺癌发病率的差异可能部分与膳食脂肪的摄入量有关。实验证据表明，总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）可能会刺激乳腺肿瘤的生长和转移，而n-3多不饱和脂肪酸可能具有肿瘤抑制作用。总体而言，流行病学研究似乎并未证实这些观察结果。在纽约大学女性健康研究的一组女性中，通过气相色谱法分析了197名绝经前和绝经后经临床确诊的乳腺癌患者及其匹配对照者血清磷脂的脂肪酸组成。血清磷脂中的单个脂肪酸以总脂肪酸的百分比表示。病例组和对照组在饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）、单不饱和脂肪酸或n-6和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比例上未观察到显著差异。绝经后，在调整潜在混杂因素后，总饱和脂肪酸与乳腺癌风险呈正相关[比值比（OR）=1.96，95%置信区间（CI）：0.73-5.25；P=0.05]。肉豆蔻酸（C14:0）提示绝经前女性患乳腺癌的风险略有增加（OR=2.22，95%CI：0.78-6.31），而棕榈酸（C16:0）在绝经后女性中呈现类似趋势（OR=2.57，95%CI：0.99-6.61）。总体而言，总多不饱和脂肪酸（n-6和n-3）提示有轻微的保护作用（OR=0.59，95%CI：0.31-1.09）。未发现其他脂肪酸与乳腺癌风险之间存在显著关联。该研究表明绝经后女性血清饱和脂肪酸水平与乳腺癌风险之间存在关联的证据。在本研究中，海洋来源 的单个n-3脂肪酸、二十碳五烯酸（C20:5 n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（C22:6 n-3）以及n-6多不饱和脂肪酸均与癌症风险无关。
