Haines M M, Brentnall S L, Stansfeld S A, Klineberg E
Environment a nd Health Group, Department of Psychiatry, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
Noise Health. 2003 Apr-Jun;5(19):19-30.
Results from recent quantitative research consistently demonstrate that children are a high risk group, vulnerable to the adverse effects of noise exposure, especially effects on cognitive performance, motivation and annoyance. The aims of the two qualitative studies reported in this paper are to explore children's a) perception of noise exposure; b) perceived risk of and attitudes towards noise pollution; c) coping strategies; and d) the annoyance response. The Millennium Conference Study involved focus group interviews with an international sample (n=36) unselected by exposure. The West London Schools Study involved individual interviews, conducted with a purposively selected sample (n=18) exposed to aircraft noise. The children in the focus groups reported being most affected by neighbours' noise and road traffic noise, whereas children exposed to aircraft noise were most affected by aircraft noise. As expected, the impact of noise pollution on everyday activities (e.g. schoolwork, homework and playing) was larger for the children exposed to high levels of aircraft noise compared with the low noise exposed children and focus group samples. The range of coping strategies that children employed to combat noise exposure in their lives was dependent upon the amount of control they had over the noise source. The emotional response of children describing the annoyance reaction to noise was consistent with adult reactions and it would seem that child noise annoyance is the same construct. Future research should employ qualitative methods to supplement quantitative investigations.
近期定量研究结果一致表明，儿童是高风险群体，易受噪声暴露的不利影响，尤其是对认知表现、积极性和烦恼程度的影响。本文报道的两项定性研究旨在探讨儿童的：a）对噪声暴露的感知；b）对噪声污染的感知风险和态度；c）应对策略；以及d）烦恼反应。千禧年会议研究涉及对一个未按暴露情况挑选的国际样本（n = 36）进行焦点小组访谈。西伦敦学校研究涉及对一个有目的地挑选的暴露于飞机噪声的样本（n = 18）进行个体访谈。焦点小组中的儿童报告称，受邻居噪声和道路交通噪声影响最大，而暴露于飞机噪声的儿童则受飞机噪声影响最大。正如预期的那样，与低噪声暴露儿童和焦点小组样本相比，暴露于高水平飞机噪声的儿童受到噪声污染对日常活动（如学业作业、家庭作业和玩耍）的影响更大。儿童在生活中采用的应对噪声暴露的策略范围取决于他们对噪声源的控制程度。描述对噪声烦恼反应的儿童情绪反应与成人反应一致，而且儿童噪声烦恼似乎是同一概念。未来研究应采用定性方法来补充定量调查。
