Rosborg I, Nihlgård B, Gerhardsson L, Gernersson M-L, Ohlin R, Olsson T
Inst. of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
Environ Geochem Health. 2005 Sep;27(3):217-27. doi: 10.1007/s10653-004-1612-8.
This study presents the concentrations of about 50 metals and ions in 33 different brands of bottled waters on the Swedish market. Ten of the brands showed calcium (Ca) concentrations </=10 mg L(-1) and magnesium (Mg) levels <3 mg L(-1), implying very soft waters. Three of these waters had in addition low concentrations of sodium (Na; <7 mg L(-1)), potassium (K; <3 mg L(-1)) and bicarbonate (HCO(3) </=31 mg L(-1)). These brands were collected from barren districts. Nine of the brands were collected from limestone regions. They showed increased Ca-levels exceeding 50 mg L(-1) with a maximum of 289 mg L(-1). Corresponding Mg-levels were also raised in two brands exceeding 90 mg L(-1). Two soft and carbonated waters were supplemented with Na(2)CO(3) and NaCl, resulting in high concentrations of Na (644 and 648 mg L(-1)) and chloride (Cl; 204 and 219 mg L(-1)). Such waters may make a substantial contribution to the daily intake of NaCl in high water consumers. The storage of carbonated drinking water in aluminum (Al) cans increased the Al-concentration to about 70 microg L(-1). Conclusion As there was a large variation in the material as regards concentrations of macro-elements such as Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cl. Supplementation with salts, e.g., Na(2)CO(3), K(2) CO(3) and NaCl, can lead to increased concentrations of Na, K and Cl, as well as decreased ratios of Ca/Na and larger ratios of Na/K. Water with high concentrations of e.g., Ca and Mg, may make a substantial contribution to the daily intake of these elements in high water consumers. Al cans are less suited for storage of carbonated waters, as the lowered pH-values may dissolve Al. The levels of potentially toxic metals in the studied brands were generally low.
本研究展示了瑞典市场上33个不同品牌瓶装水中约50种金属和离子的浓度。其中10个品牌的钙（Ca）浓度≤10 mg/L，镁（Mg）含量<3 mg/L，意味着水质非常软。其中三种水还含有低浓度的钠（Na；<7 mg/L）、钾（K；<3 mg/L）和碳酸氢根（HCO₃≤31 mg/L）。这些品牌的水采自贫瘠地区。九个品牌的水采自石灰岩地区。它们的钙含量升高，超过50 mg/L，最高达289 mg/L。两个品牌的相应镁含量也有所升高，超过90 mg/L。两种软质碳酸水添加了碳酸钠和氯化钠，导致钠（644和648 mg/L）和氯化物（Cl；204和219 mg/L）浓度很高。对于大量饮水者来说，这类水可能会对每日氯化钠摄入量有很大影响。碳酸饮用水储存在铝罐中会使铝浓度增加到约70 μg/L。结论：由于钙、镁、钠、钾和氯等常量元素浓度在材料中差异很大。添加盐类，如碳酸钠、碳酸钾和氯化钠，会导致钠、钾和氯浓度增加，以及钙/钠比值降低和钠/钾比值增大。例如，钙和镁含量高的水可能会对大量饮水者这些元素的每日摄入量有很大贡献。铝罐不太适合储存碳酸水，因为较低的pH值可能会溶解铝。所研究品牌中潜在有毒金属的含量总体较低。
