Hopkins Nick, Reicher Steve, Harrison Kate, Cassidy Clare, Bull Rebecca, Levine Mark
University of Dundee, Scotland.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2007 Jun;33(6):776-88. doi: 10.1177/0146167207301023. Epub 2007 May 4.
Three studies consider a basis for intergroup helping. Specifically, they show that group members may help others to disconfirm a stereotype of their own group as mean. Study 1 shows that Scots believe they are seen as mean by the English, resent this stereotype, are motivated to refute it, and believe out-group helping is a particularly effective way of doing so. Study 2 shows that increasing the salience of the English stereotype of the Scottish as mean leads Scots to accentuate the extent to which Scots are depicted as generous. Study 3 shows that increasing the salience of the stereotype of the Scots as mean results in an increase in the help volunteered to out-group members. These results highlight how strategic concerns may result in out-group helping. In turn, they underscore the point that helping others may be a means to advance a group's interest.
三项研究探讨了群体间帮助行为的基础。具体而言，研究表明群体成员可能会通过帮助他人来反驳对自己群体“吝啬”的刻板印象。研究1表明，苏格兰人认为英格兰人觉得他们吝啬，他们憎恶这种刻板印象，有动机去反驳它，并且认为帮助外群体是反驳这种刻板印象的一种特别有效的方式。研究2表明，让苏格兰人吝啬这一英格兰人对苏格兰人的刻板印象更加凸显，会使苏格兰人更加强调将苏格兰人描绘成慷慨的程度。研究3表明，让苏格兰人吝啬这一刻板印象更加凸显，会导致向外部群体成员提供的帮助增加。这些结果凸显了策略性考量如何可能导致对外群体的帮助行为。反过来，这些结果强调了帮助他人可能是促进群体利益的一种手段。
