Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2007 Jun 13;2(6):e521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000521.
The genus Vitis is represented by several coexisting species in Europe. Our study focuses on naturalised rootstocks that originate in viticulture. The consequences of their presence to the landscape and to native European species (Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris) are evaluated. This study compares ecological traits (seven qualitative and quantitative descriptors) and the genetic diversity (10 SSR markers) of populations of naturalised rootstocks and native wild grapevines. 18 large naturalised rootstock populations were studied in the Rhône watershed. Wild European grapevines are present in four main habitats (screes, alluvial forests, hedges, and streamside hedges). In contrast, naturalised rootstock populations are mainly located in alluvial forests, but they clearly take advantage of alluvial system dynamics and connectivity at the landscape level. These latter populations appear to reproduce sexually, and show a higher genetic diversity than Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris. The regrouping of naturalised rootstocks in interconnected populations tends to create active hybrid swarms of rootstocks. The rootstocks show characters of invasive plants. The spread of naturalised rootstocks in the environment, the acceleration of the decline of the European wild grapevine, and the propagation of genes of viticultural interest in natural populations are potential consequences that should be kept in mind when undertaking appropriate management measures.
欧洲的葡萄属由几个共存的物种组成。我们的研究集中在起源于葡萄栽培的归化砧木上。评估了它们对景观和欧洲本地物种（Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris）的存在的影响。本研究比较了归化砧木和本地野生葡萄种群的生态特征（七个定性和定量描述符）和遗传多样性（10 个 SSR 标记）。在罗纳河流域研究了 18 个大型归化砧木种群。野生欧洲葡萄存在于四个主要生境（峭壁、冲积森林、树篱和溪边树篱）中。相比之下，归化砧木种群主要分布在冲积森林中，但它们明显利用了冲积系统动态和景观水平的连通性。这些后代表现出有性繁殖的特征，并且显示出比 Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris 更高的遗传多样性。归化砧木在相互连接的种群中的重新分组倾向于形成活跃的杂交砧木群。砧木表现出入侵植物的特征。归化砧木在环境中的传播、欧洲野生葡萄的衰退加速以及葡萄栽培中感兴趣的基因在自然种群中的传播，这些都是在采取适当管理措施时应牢记的潜在后果。
