Grayson Warren L, Chao Pen-Hsiu Grace, Marolt Darja, Kaplan David L, Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2008 Apr;26(4):181-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.12.009. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
Tissue engineering is expected to help us outlive the failure of our organs by enabling the creation of tissue substitutes capable of fully restoring the original tissue function. Degenerative joint disease, which affects one-fifth of the US population and is the country's leading cause of disability, drives current research of actively growing, functional tissue grafts for joint repair. Toward this goal, living cells are used in conjunction with biomaterial scaffolds (serving as instructive templates for tissue development) and bioreactors (providing environmental control and molecular and physical regulatory signals). In this review, we discuss the requirements for engineering customized, anatomically-shaped, stratified grafts for joint repair and the challenges of designing these grafts to provide immediate functionality (load bearing, structural support) and long-term regeneration (maturation, integration, remodeling).
组织工程有望通过制造能够完全恢复原始组织功能的组织替代物，帮助我们在器官衰竭后仍能存活。退行性关节疾病影响着五分之一的美国人口，是该国致残的主要原因，推动了目前对于用于关节修复的、积极生长的功能性组织移植物的研究。为了实现这一目标，活细胞与生物材料支架（作为组织发育的指导性模板）和生物反应器（提供环境控制以及分子和物理调节信号）联合使用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了设计用于关节修复的定制化、解剖学形状的分层移植物的要求，以及设计这些移植物以提供即时功能（承重、结构支撑）和长期再生（成熟、整合、重塑）所面临的挑战。
