Belke Eva
Department of Linguistics, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Apr;15(2):357-63. doi: 10.3758/pbr.15.2.357.
Some models of lexical access in language production postulate that lexical-semantic encoding is driven bottom-up, by the conceptual input, and top-down, by a representation of the task. In the cyclic semantic blocking paradigm, participants repeatedly name sets of objects that are either semantically related or unrelated. Whereas the manipulation of semantic relatedness affects lexical-semantic encoding in a bottom-up fashion, the cyclic presentation of small object sets allows participants to bias the corresponding lexical-semantic representations top-down for selection. The role of working memory (WM) in this top-down modulation was investigated by crossing the cyclic semantic blocking paradigm with a manipulation of WM load. Participants' naming latencies displayed significant effects of semantic context, WM load, and their interaction. A word-naming task using the same materials yielded a main effect of WM load but no significant effects of semantic context or of its interaction with WM load. These and related results are discussed with regard to their implications for models of language production.
语言生成中一些词汇通达模型假定，词汇语义编码由概念输入自下而上驱动，同时也由任务表征自上而下驱动。在循环语义阻塞范式中，参与者反复为语义相关或不相关的物体集命名。语义相关性的操纵以自下而上的方式影响词汇语义编码，而小物体集的循环呈现则使参与者能够自上而下地偏向相应的词汇语义表征以供选择。通过将循环语义阻塞范式与工作记忆（WM）负荷的操纵相结合，研究了工作记忆在这种自上而下调节中的作用。参与者的命名潜伏期显示出语义语境、WM负荷及其交互作用的显著影响。使用相同材料的单词命名任务产生了WM负荷的主效应，但没有语义语境或其与WM负荷交互作用的显著影响。本文将讨论这些结果及相关结果对语言生成模型的启示。
