Sheehan William J, Rangsithienchai Pitud A, Muilenberg Michael L, Rogers Christine A, Lane Jeffrey P, Ghaemghami Jalal, Rivard Donald V, Otsu Kanao, Hoffman Elaine B, Israel Elliot, Gold Diane R, Phipatanakul Wanda
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009 Feb;102(2):125-30. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60242-6.
The association between allergens in schools and childhood asthma has not been well studied, particularly in the United States.
To investigate allergen exposure in schools compared with homes with a specific focus on children with asthma.
Dust samples were collected from 46 rooms in 4 urban elementary schools (northeastern United States) and from 38 student bedrooms. Samples were analyzed for cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1), cockroach (Bla g 2), dust mites (Der f 1/Der p 1), and mouse urinary protein (MUP). Questionnaires identified students with physician-diagnosed asthma.
Cat and dog allergens were detectable in most school samples (96% and 78%, respectively), but at low levels. Cockroach allergen was detectable in only 11% of school samples. Mouse allergen was detectable in 89% of school samples, with 68% having MUP levels greater than 0.5 microg/g. In contrast, MUP was detectable in only 26% of bedroom samples. Matched classroom and home samples from 23 asthmatic students showed higher geometric mean MUP levels in the classroom vs the home (6.45 microg/g vs 0.44 microg/g, P < .001). However, there were lower geometric mean dust mite (Der f 1) levels in the classroom vs the home (0.04 microg/g vs 0.66 microg/g, P < .001).
There are significantly higher levels of MUP but lower levels of Der f 1 in schools vs homes. It is important to recognize that children with asthma may encounter varying levels of allergens in environments outside the home, such as schools.
学校中的过敏原与儿童哮喘之间的关联尚未得到充分研究，尤其是在美国。
调查学校与家中的过敏原暴露情况，特别关注哮喘儿童。
从美国东北部4所城市小学的46间教室以及38间学生卧室采集灰尘样本。对样本进行猫（Fel d 1）、狗（Can f 1）、蟑螂（Bla g 2）、尘螨（Der f 1/Der p 1）和小鼠尿蛋白（MUP）分析。通过问卷调查确定经医生诊断为哮喘的学生。
大多数学校样本中可检测到猫和狗过敏原（分别为96%和78%），但含量较低。仅11%的学校样本中可检测到蟑螂过敏原。89%的学校样本中可检测到小鼠过敏原，其中68%的样本MUP水平高于0.5微克/克。相比之下，仅26%的卧室样本中可检测到MUP。来自23名哮喘学生的配对教室和家庭样本显示，教室中的MUP几何平均水平高于家中（6.45微克/克对0.44微克/克，P <.001）。然而，教室中的尘螨（Der f 1）几何平均水平低于家中（0.04微克/克对0.66微克/克，P <.001）。
与家中相比，学校中的MUP水平显著更高，但Der f 1水平更低。认识到哮喘儿童在家庭以外的环境（如学校）中可能接触到不同水平的过敏原很重要。
