Tomasik Dave, Ruthruff Eric, Allen Philip A, Lien Mei-Ching
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2009 Apr;16(2):282-8. doi: 10.3758/PBR.16.2.282.
Are emotions perceived automatically? Two psychological refractory period experiments were conducted to ascertain whether emotion perception requires central attentional resources. Task 1 required an auditory discrimination (tone vs. noise), whereas Task 2 required a discrimination between happy and angry faces. The difficulty of Task 2 was manipulated by varying the degree of emotional expression. The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between Task 1 and Task 2 was also varied. Experiment 1 revealed additive effects of SOA and Task 2 emotion-perception difficulty. Experiment 2 replicated the additive relationship with a stronger manipulation of emotion-perception difficulty. According to locus-of-slack logic, our participants did not process emotional expressions while central resources were devoted to Task 1. We conclude that emotion perception is not fully automatic.
情绪是被自动感知的吗？进行了两项心理不应期实验，以确定情绪感知是否需要集中注意力资源。任务1需要进行听觉辨别（音调与噪音），而任务2需要辨别开心和愤怒的面孔。通过改变情绪表达的程度来操纵任务2的难度。任务1和任务2之间的刺激起始异步（SOA）也有所变化。实验1揭示了SOA和任务2情绪感知难度的累加效应。实验2通过更强地操纵情绪感知难度重复了这种累加关系。根据松弛位置逻辑，当集中资源用于任务1时，我们的参与者没有处理情绪表达。我们得出结论，情绪感知并非完全自动。
