Varshney Rajeev K, Hoisington Dave A, Nayak Spurthi N, Graner Andreas
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India.
Methods Mol Biol. 2009;513:283-304. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-427-8_15.
The progress made in DNA marker technology has been remarkable and exciting in recent years. DNA markers have proved valuable tools in various analyses in plant breeding, for example, early generation selection, enrichment of complex F(1)s, choice of donor parent in backcrossing, recovery of recurrent parent genotype in backcrossing, linkage block analysis and selection. Other main areas of applications of molecular markers in plant breeding include germplasm characterization/fingerprinting, determining seed purity, systematic sampling of germplasm, and phylogenetic analysis. Molecular markers, thus, have proved powerful tools in replacing the bioassays and there are now many examples available to show the efficacy of such markers. We have illustrated some basic concepts and methodology of applying molecular markers for enhancing the selection efficiency in plant breeding. Some successful examples of product developments of molecular breeding have also been presented.
近年来，DNA标记技术取得了显著且令人振奋的进展。DNA标记已被证明是植物育种各种分析中有价值的工具，例如，早期世代选择、复杂F1代的富集、回交中供体亲本的选择、回交中轮回亲本基因型的恢复、连锁块分析和选择。分子标记在植物育种中的其他主要应用领域包括种质鉴定/指纹图谱分析、种子纯度测定、种质的系统取样以及系统发育分析。因此，分子标记已被证明是取代生物测定的有力工具，现在有许多例子可以证明此类标记的有效性。我们阐述了应用分子标记提高植物育种选择效率的一些基本概念和方法。还介绍了分子育种产品开发的一些成功实例。
