关于神经行为抑制与同伴环境对男孩和女孩非法药物使用影响的前瞻性研究。
Prospective study of the association between neurobehavior disinhibition and peer environment on illegal drug use in boys and girls.
作者信息
Kirisci Levent, Mezzich Ada C, Reynolds Maureen, Tarter Ralph E, Aytaclar Sema
机构信息
School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
出版信息
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2009;35(3):145-50. doi: 10.1080/00952990902825405.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Individual and contextual factors jointly participate in the onset and progression of substance abuse; however, the pattern of their relationship in males and females has not been systematically studied.
OBJECTIVES
Male and female children and adolescents were compared to determine the relative influence of individual susceptibility (neurobehavior disinhibition or ND) and social environment (deviancy in peers) on use of illegal drugs.
METHODS
Boys (N = 380) and girls (N = 127) were prospectively tracked from age 10-12 to age 16 to delineate the role of ND and peer deviancy on use of illegal drugs.
RESULTS
Girls exhibited lower ND scores than boys in childhood and were less inclined to affiliate with deviant peers. These differences were reduced or disappeared by mid-adolescence. In boys only, peer deviancy in childhood mediated the association between ND and illegal drug use at age 16. In both genders, peer deviancy in mid-adolescence mediated ND and substance abuse at age 16.
CONCLUSIONS
Individual and contextual risk factors promoting substance abuse are more salient at a younger age in boys compared to girls.
SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE
These results point to the need for earlier screening and intervention for boys.
摘要
背景
个体因素和环境因素共同参与药物滥用的发生和发展；然而，它们在男性和女性中的关系模式尚未得到系统研究。
目的
比较男性和女性儿童及青少年，以确定个体易感性（神经行为抑制或ND）和社会环境（同伴偏差行为）对非法药物使用的相对影响。
方法
对380名男孩和127名女孩从10至12岁进行前瞻性追踪至16岁，以描述ND和同伴偏差行为对非法药物使用的作用。
结果
女孩在童年期的ND得分低于男孩，且不太倾向于与行为偏差的同伴交往。这些差异在青春期中期缩小或消失。仅在男孩中，童年期的同伴偏差行为介导了16岁时ND与非法药物使用之间的关联。在男女两性中，青春期中期的同伴偏差行为介导了16岁时ND与药物滥用之间的关联。
结论
与女孩相比，促进药物滥用的个体和环境风险因素在男孩中在较年轻时更为突出。
科学意义
这些结果表明需要对男孩进行更早的筛查和干预。
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