Brown Lindsay, Kroon Paul A, Das Dipak K, Das Samarjit, Tosaki Arpad, Chan Vincent, Singer Manfred V, Feick Peter
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Sep;33(9):1513-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00989.x. Epub 2009 Jun 10.
Although excessive consumption of ethanol in alcoholic beverages causes multi-organ damage, moderate consumption, particularly of red wine, is protective against all-cause mortality. These protective effects could be due to one or many components of the complex mixture of bioactive compounds present in red wine including flavonols, monomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols, highly colored anthocyanins as well as phenolic acids and the stilbene polyphenol, resveratrol. The therapeutic potential of resveratrol, firstly in cancer chemoprevention and then later for cardioprotection, has stimulated many studies on the possible mechanisms of action. Further indications for resveratrol have been developed, including the prevention of age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These improvements are remarkably similar yet there is an important dichotomy: low doses improve cell survival as in cardio- and neuro-protection yet high doses increase cell death as in cancer treatment. Fewer studies have examined the responses to other components of red wine, but the results have, in general, been similar to resveratrol. If the nonalcoholic constitutents of red wine are to become therapeutic agents, their ability to get to the sites of action needs to be understood. This mini-review summarizes recent studies on the possible mechanisms of action, potential therapeutic uses, and bioavailability of the nonalcoholic constituents of alcoholic beverages, in particular resveratrol and other polyphenols.
尽管酒精饮料中过量摄入乙醇会导致多器官损伤，但适度饮酒，尤其是饮用红酒，可预防全因死亡率。这些保护作用可能归因于红酒中存在的生物活性化合物复杂混合物中的一种或多种成分，包括黄酮醇、单体和聚合黄烷-3-醇、颜色较深的花青素以及酚酸和芪多酚白藜芦醇。白藜芦醇的治疗潜力，首先是在癌症化学预防方面，随后是在心脏保护方面，激发了许多关于其可能作用机制的研究。白藜芦醇的其他潜在用途也已被发现，包括预防与年龄相关的疾病，如神经退行性疾病、炎症、糖尿病和心血管疾病。这些改善非常相似，但存在一个重要的分歧：低剂量可提高细胞存活率，如在心脏和神经保护中所见，而高剂量则会增加细胞死亡，如在癌症治疗中所见。较少有研究考察对红酒其他成分的反应，但总体结果与白藜芦醇相似。如果红酒的非酒精成分要成为治疗剂，就需要了解它们到达作用部位的能力。本综述总结了近期关于酒精饮料非酒精成分，特别是白藜芦醇和其他多酚的可能作用机制、潜在治疗用途和生物利用度的研究。
