Bornstein Michael M, Kislig Karin, Hoti Beatrice Brun, Seemann Rainer, Lussi Adrian
Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern. Switzerland.
Eur J Oral Sci. 2009 Jun;117(3):261-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00630.x.
Epidemiological data on halitosis are rare. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of halitosis in the population of the city of Bern, Switzerland, using a standardized questionnaire and clinical examination. First of all, a standardized questionnaire was filled out by all 419 participants. In the clinical examination, 'objective' values for halitosis were gathered through two different organoleptic assessments and by the measurement of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). Additionally, tongue coating and the modified periodontal screening index (PSI) were evaluated for each participant. The questionnaire revealed that 32% of all subjects sometimes or often experienced halitosis. The organoleptic evaluation (grade 0-5) identified 48 persons with grade 3 and higher. Measurement of VSC identified 117 subjects (28%) with readings of >or= 75 parts per billion (ppb). Tongue coating, modified PSI, and smoking were significantly associated with higher organoleptic scores, and tongue coating and smoking were associated with higher VSC values. For about one-third of the Bernese city population, halitosis seems to pose an oral health problem. Only a weak correlation between self-reported halitosis and either organoleptic or VSC measurements could be detected.
关于口臭的流行病学数据很少。在本研究中，我们使用标准化问卷和临床检查对瑞士伯尔尼市人群的口臭患病率进行了评估。首先，419名参与者都填写了标准化问卷。在临床检查中，通过两种不同的感官评估以及挥发性硫化物（VSC）测量收集口臭的“客观”值。此外，还对每位参与者的舌苔和改良牙周筛查指数（PSI）进行了评估。问卷显示，32%的受试者有时或经常经历口臭。感官评估（0 - 5级）确定有48人达到3级及以上。VSC测量确定有117名受试者（28%）读数≥75十亿分之一（ppb）。舌苔、改良PSI和吸烟与较高的感官评分显著相关，舌苔和吸烟与较高的VSC值相关。对于约三分之一的伯尔尼市人口来说，口臭似乎构成了一个口腔健康问题。自我报告的口臭与感官评估或VSC测量之间仅检测到微弱的相关性。
