Simons-Morton Bruce G, Farhat Tilda, ter Bogt Tom F M, Hublet Anne, Kuntsche Emmanuel, Nic Gabhainn Saoirse, Godeau Emmanuelle, Kokkevi Anna
Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, & Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510, USA.
Int J Public Health. 2009 Sep;54 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):199-208. doi: 10.1007/s00038-009-5411-y.
To examine trends in the prevalence of monthly alcohol use and lifetime drunkenness among 15 year olds in 20 European countries, the Russian Federation, Israel, the United States of America, and Canada.
Alcohol use prevalence and drunkenness were assessed in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children Survey conducted in each country in 1998, 2002, and 2006. Trends were determined using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for trends.
Average monthly alcohol use across all countries declined from 45.3% to 43.6% and drunkenness declined from 37.2% to 34.8. There was substantial variability across countries, with decreases in some countries and increases or no change in use or drunkenness in others. The overall decline was greater among boys, from 41.2% to 36.7% than among girls, 33.3% to 31.9%. In most of the countries where drinking or drunkenness increased, it was due mainly to increases among girls.
Trends in alcohol use and drunkenness varied by country. Drinking and drunkenness remained higher among boys than girls, but the gap between boys and girls declined and girls appear to be catching up with boys in some countries.
研究20个欧洲国家、俄罗斯联邦、以色列、美国和加拿大15岁青少年每月饮酒率及终生醉酒率的变化趋势。
通过对1998年、2002年和2006年在每个国家开展的学龄儿童健康行为调查来评估饮酒率和醉酒率。使用 Cochr an - Mantel - Haenszel趋势检验来确定变化趋势。
所有国家的平均每月饮酒率从45.3%降至43.6%，醉酒率从37.2%降至34.8%。各国之间存在很大差异，一些国家呈下降趋势，而其他国家的饮酒或醉酒率则上升或无变化。总体而言，男孩的下降幅度更大，从41.2%降至36.7%，而女孩从33.3%降至31.9%。在大多数饮酒或醉酒率上升的国家，主要是由于女孩的增加。
饮酒和醉酒率的趋势因国家而异。男孩的饮酒和醉酒率仍高于女孩，但男女之间的差距在缩小，在一些国家女孩似乎正在赶上男孩。
