Fletcher David, Scott Michael
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2010 Jan;28(2):127-37. doi: 10.1080/02640410903406208.
Sports coaches operate within a complex, ever-changing environment that imposes many pressures on them. Here, we address the psychological impact of these demands via a critical review of the literature pertaining to stress in sport coaches. The narrative is divided into three main sections: (1) conceptual and definitional issues, (2) theoretical and empirical issues, and (3) implications for applied practice. The review focuses on the environmental stressors that coaches encounter, their appraisals of and responses to these demands, and the impact this has on their personal well-being and job performance. The influence of various personal and situational characteristics is also discussed. A key message to emerge from this review is that the potential health and performance costs of psychological stress to sports coaches are significant. The rapid rate of change in contemporary sport and the dynamic nature of stress mean that stress in coaches is an ongoing problem that needs to be monitored and addressed.
体育教练在一个复杂多变的环境中工作，这给他们带来了诸多压力。在此，我们通过对与体育教练压力相关的文献进行批判性综述，探讨这些要求所产生的心理影响。本文分为三个主要部分：（1）概念和定义问题，（2）理论和实证问题，以及（3）对应用实践的启示。综述聚焦于教练所面临的环境压力源、他们对这些要求的评估和反应，以及这对他们个人幸福感和工作表现的影响。还讨论了各种个人和情境特征的影响。本次综述得出的一个关键信息是，心理压力对体育教练潜在的健康和表现成本是巨大的。当代体育的快速变化速度和压力的动态性质意味着教练的压力是一个持续存在的问题，需要加以监测和解决。
