Emmorey Karen, Gertsberg Nelly, Korpics Franco, Wright Charles E
San Diego State University.
Appl Psycholinguist. 2009 Jan 1;30(1):187-203. doi: 10.1017/S0142716408090085.
Speakers monitor their speech output by listening to their own voice. However, signers do not look directly at their hands and cannot see their own face. We investigated the importance of a visual perceptual loop for sign language monitoring by examining whether changes in visual input alter sign production. Deaf signers produced American Sign Language (ASL) signs within a carrier phrase under five conditions: blindfolded, wearing tunnel-vision goggles, normal (citation) signing, shouting, and informal signing. Three-dimensional movement trajectories were obtained using an Optotrak Certus system. Informally produced signs were shorter with less vertical movement. Shouted signs were displaced forward and to the right and were produced within a larger volume of signing space, with greater velocity, greater distance traveled, and a longer duration. Tunnel vision caused signers to produce less movement within the vertical dimension of signing space, but blind and citation signing did not differ significantly on any measure, except duration. Thus, signers do not "sign louder" when they cannot see themselves, but they do alter their sign production when vision is restricted. We hypothesize that visual feedback serves primarily to fine-tune the size of signing space rather than as input to a comprehension-based monitor.
说话者通过倾听自己的声音来监控自己的言语输出。然而，手语使用者不会直接看自己的手，也看不到自己的脸。我们通过研究视觉输入的变化是否会改变手语表达，来探究视觉感知循环对手语监控的重要性。聋人手语使用者在五种条件下，于一个载体短语中生成美国手语（ASL）手势：蒙眼、佩戴狭缝视野护目镜、正常（引用）手语、大声呼喊以及非正式手语。使用Optotrak Certus系统获取三维运动轨迹。非正式生成的手势较短，垂直运动较少。大声呼喊的手势向前和向右偏移，且在更大的手语空间范围内生成，速度更快，移动距离更远，持续时间更长。狭缝视野导致手语使用者在手语空间的垂直维度上产生的动作较少，但蒙眼和引用手语在任何测量指标上均无显著差异，除了持续时间。因此，当手语使用者看不到自己时，他们不会“更大声地打手语”，但当视觉受到限制时，他们确实会改变自己的手语表达。我们推测，视觉反馈主要用于微调手语空间的大小，而非作为基于理解的监控器的输入。
