Aladesanmi A J, Iwalewa E O, Adebajo A C, Akinkunmi E O, Taiwo B J, Olorunmola F O, Lamikanra A
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2006 Nov 13;4(2):173-84. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v4i2.31206.
Ten Nigerian plants suggested from their ethnomedical uses to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were studied for their anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Candida pseudotropicalis and Trichophyton rubrum (clinical isolate). Trichilia heudelotti leaf extract showed both antibacterial and antifungal activities and was the most active against all the strains of bacteria tested. Boerhavia diffusa, Markhamia tomentosa and T. heudelotti leaf extracts inhibited the gram negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains whereas those of M. tomentosa, T. heudelotti and Sphenoceutrum jollyamum root inhibited at least one of the fungi tested. At a concentration of 312 microg/ml, hexane and chloroform fractions of T. heudelotti extract inhibited 6 and 14% of the fifty multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates from clinical infections, respectively. At < or = 5 mg/ml, the CHCl(3) (64%) and aqueous (22%) fractions of T. heudelotti and those of CHCl(3) (34%) and EtOAC (48%) of M. tomentosa gave the highest inhibition that was stronger than their corresponding methanol extracts. The corresponding EC(50) of the extracts on M. acuminata, T. heudelotti, E. senegalensis and M. tomentosa were 4.00, 6.50, 13.33, and 16.50 ig/ml using the TLC staining and 1,1-dipheyl-2-picry-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Therefore, leaf extracts of M. tomentosa and T. heudelotti, especially the latter, possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and should be further investigated. These activities justified the ethnomedical uses of these plants.
对十种因民族医学用途而被认为具有抗菌和抗氧化活性的尼日利亚植物进行了抗菌和抗氧化特性研究。针对大肠杆菌NCTC 10418、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌和红色毛癣菌（临床分离株）测试了抗菌活性。非洲桃花心木树叶提取物显示出抗菌和抗真菌活性，并且对所有测试的细菌菌株活性最强。白花假败酱、绒毛火桐和非洲桃花心木树叶提取物抑制革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌菌株，而绒毛火桐、非洲桃花心木和乔利木根提取物抑制至少一种测试真菌。在浓度为312微克/毫升时，非洲桃花心木提取物的己烷和氯仿馏分分别抑制了从临床感染中分离出的50株多重耐药细菌中的6%和14%。在≤5毫克/毫升时，非洲桃花心木的氯仿（64%）和水相（22%）馏分以及绒毛火桐的氯仿（34%）和乙酸乙酯（48%）馏分产生了最高抑制率，且比它们相应的甲醇提取物更强。使用薄层色谱染色和1,1 - 二苯基 - 2 - 苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除试验，提取物对香蕉、非洲桃花心木、塞内加尔桃花心木和绒毛火桐的相应半数有效浓度分别为4.00、6.50、13.33和16.50微克/毫升。因此，绒毛火桐和非洲桃花心木的树叶提取物，尤其是后者，具有很强的抗菌和抗氧化活性，应进一步研究。这些活性证明了这些植物在民族医学中的用途。
