School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Victoria University, St Albans, Australia.
Psychol Health. 2009 Jan;24(1):95-107. doi: 10.1080/08870440802385854.
This research investigated the influence of smoking attitudes and norms on quitting intentions in two predominantly collectivistic countries (Malaysia and Thailand) and four predominantly individualistic Western countries (Canada, USA, UK and Australia). Data from the International Tobacco Control Project (N = 13,062) revealed that higher odds of intending to quit were associated with negative personal attitudes in Thailand and the Western countries, but not in Malaysia; with norms against smoking from significant others in Malaysia and the Western countries, but not in Thailand; and with societal norms against smoking in all countries. Our findings indicate that normative factors are important determinants of intentions, but they play a different role in different cultural and/or tobacco control contexts. Interventions may be more effective if they are designed with these different patterns of social influence in mind.
本研究调查了吸烟态度和规范对两个主要集体主义国家（马来西亚和泰国）和四个主要个人主义西方国家（加拿大、美国、英国和澳大利亚）戒烟意愿的影响。国际烟草控制项目的数据（N=13062）显示，在泰国和西方国家，对个人吸烟态度越负面，戒烟意愿越高，而在马来西亚则并非如此；在马来西亚和西方国家，来自重要他人的反吸烟规范与戒烟意愿相关，但在泰国并非如此；在所有国家，社会对吸烟的规范都与戒烟意愿相关。我们的研究结果表明，规范因素是戒烟意愿的重要决定因素，但在不同的文化和/或烟草控制背景下，它们的作用不同。如果干预措施考虑到这些不同的社会影响模式，可能会更有效。
