Kim Su-Han, Ko Hyun-Chang, Kim Moon-Bum, Kwon Kyung-Sool, Oh Chang-Keun
Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
Ann Dermatol. 2009 May;21(2):130-5. doi: 10.5021/ad.2009.21.2.130. Epub 2009 May 31.
Several workers have found that Malassezia are capable of suppressing cytokine release and downregulating the phagocytic function of monocytes. But lipid-depleted Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) extracts have also been shown to induce increased production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta in monocytes. We thought that the detergents in shampoos or soaps could change the composition of the lipid in the M. furfur cell wall.
We studied whether detergents affect the morphology of M. furfur and if the inflammatory cytokine profiles change in the monocytes treated with detergent-treated M. furfur.
Commonly used detergents such as sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and tween-80 were respectively added to the modified Leeming-Notman's media. M. furfur was cultivated in each media (detergent-added or untreated). Thereafter, the surface morphology of the yeast was evaluated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cytokine profiles of monocytes, which were treated by M. furfur with or without detergents, were also evaluated.
The detergent-treated M. furfur were similar to the lipid-extracted form of M. furfur on the electron microscopic study, with a recessed, withered surface and with thinner and rather electron transparent cell walls than the detergent-untreated M. furfur. The levels of TNF-alpha were higher in monocytes treated with detergent-treated Malassezia than that in the monocytes treated with the detergent-untreated Malassezia (p<0.05).
According to the findings in this study, it could be inferred that the detergents in shampoos or soaps affect the lipid layers of the Malassezia cell wall and these lipid-extracted Malassezia induce or aggravate some inflammatory conditions. But to correlate the relationship between detergents and Malassezia-associated diseases, in vivo experiments that will focus on short-term contact with detergents in real life conditions should be done.
一些研究人员发现，马拉色菌能够抑制细胞因子释放并下调单核细胞的吞噬功能。但脂质耗尽的糠秕马拉色菌提取物也已显示可诱导单核细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的产生增加。我们认为洗发水或肥皂中的洗涤剂可能会改变糠秕马拉色菌细胞壁中脂质的组成。
我们研究了洗涤剂是否会影响糠秕马拉色菌的形态，以及用洗涤剂处理过的糠秕马拉色菌处理的单核细胞中炎症细胞因子谱是否会发生变化。
将常用洗涤剂如十二烷基硫酸钠、月桂醇硫酸铵和吐温-80分别添加到改良的利明-诺特曼培养基中。糠秕马拉色菌在每种培养基（添加洗涤剂或未处理）中培养。此后，通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜评估酵母的表面形态。还评估了用或不用洗涤剂处理的糠秕马拉色菌处理的单核细胞的细胞因子谱。
在电子显微镜研究中，经洗涤剂处理的糠秕马拉色菌与脂质提取形式的糠秕马拉色菌相似，表面凹陷、枯萎，细胞壁比未用洗涤剂处理的糠秕马拉色菌更薄且电子透明度更高。用经洗涤剂处理的马拉色菌处理的单核细胞中TNF-α水平高于用未用洗涤剂处理的马拉色菌处理的单核细胞（p<0.05）。
根据本研究的结果，可以推断洗发水或肥皂中的洗涤剂会影响马拉色菌细胞壁的脂质层，这些脂质提取的马拉色菌会诱导或加重某些炎症状况。但要关联洗涤剂与马拉色菌相关疾病之间的关系，应进行关注现实生活中与洗涤剂短期接触的体内实验。
