Klein Ronald, Cruickshanks Karen J, Nash Scott D, Krantz Elizabeth M, Nieto F Javier, Huang Guan H, Pankow James S, Klein Barbara E K
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Jun;128(6):750-8. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.92.
To determine the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to examine how retinal drusen, retinal pigmentary abnormalities, and early AMD are related to age, sex, and other risk factors.
A total of 2810 people aged 21 to 84 years participating in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study.
The presence and severity of various characteristics of drusen and other lesions typical of AMD were determined by grading digital color fundus images using the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System.
Early AMD was present in 3.4% of the cohort and varied from 2.4% in those aged 21 to 34 years to 9.8% in those aged 65 years or older. In a multivariable model (expressed as odds ratio; 95% confidence interval), age (per 5 years of age, 1.22; 1.09-1.36), being male (1.65; 1.01-2.69), more pack-years of cigarettes smoked (1-10 vs 0, 1.31; 0.75-2.29; >or=11 vs 0, 1.67; 1.03-2.73), higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (per 5 mg/dL, 0.91; 0.83-0.998), and hearing impairment (2.28; 1.41-3.71) were associated with early AMD. There were no associations of blood pressure level, body mass index, physical activity level, history of heavy drinking, white blood cell count, hematocrit level, platelet count, serum total cholesterol level, or carotid intimal-medial thickness with early AMD.
These data indicate that early AMD is infrequent before age 55 years but increases with age thereafter. Early AMD is related to modifiable risk factors, eg, smoking and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
确定年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的患病率，并研究视网膜玻璃膜疣、视网膜色素异常和早期AMD与年龄、性别及其他危险因素之间的关系。
共有2810名年龄在21至84岁之间的人参与了比弗代姆后代研究。
使用威斯康星年龄相关性黄斑病变分级系统对数字彩色眼底图像进行分级，以确定玻璃膜疣及其他典型AMD病变的存在情况和严重程度。
该队列中3.4%的人患有早期AMD，年龄在21至34岁的人群中占2.4%，65岁及以上人群中占9.8%。在多变量模型中（以比值比表示；95%置信区间），年龄（每5岁，1.22；1.09 - 1.36）、男性（1.65；1.01 - 2.69）、吸烟包年数更多（1 - 10年与0年相比，1.31；0.75 - 2.29；≥11年与0年相比，1.67；1.03 - 2.73）、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较高（每5mg/dL，0.91；0.83 - 0.998）以及听力障碍（2.28；1.41 - 3.71）与早期AMD相关。血压水平、体重指数、身体活动水平、大量饮酒史、白细胞计数、血细胞比容水平、血小板计数、血清总胆固醇水平或颈动脉内膜中层厚度与早期AMD均无关联。
这些数据表明，55岁之前早期AMD并不常见，但此后随年龄增长而增加。早期AMD与可改变的危险因素有关，如吸烟和血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。
