Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 94553, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2011 Jan;33(1):121-30. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2010.493151. Epub 2010 Aug 2.
The concept of "reserve" has traditionally been defined on the basis of a single indicator (e.g., education or intracranial volume) that purports to moderate or buffer the effects of brain damage on different clinical outcomes. While studies have shown modest effects for some indicators, it has left the concept of "reserve" wanting as an explanatory construct. More recently efforts have been made to identify groups of indicators hypothesized to represent a construct for brain or cognitive reserve. These efforts have also proved wanting because of the lack of evidence to justify such a priori groupings of variables into a brain or cognitive reserve construct. This theoretical paper addresses the issue of construct validity (convergent and discriminant) for both brain and cognitive reserve as single or multiple reserve factors. Conceptual models are proposed that are (a) derived from the current extant reserve literature and (b) empirically testable in order to facilitate establishment of construct validity for the commonly used, and perhaps misused, brain and cognitive reserve concepts.
“储备”的概念传统上是基于单个指标（例如，教育或颅内体积）来定义的，该指标旨在缓和或缓冲脑损伤对不同临床结果的影响。虽然一些研究表明某些指标的效果有限，但“储备”的概念作为一个解释性结构仍然存在问题。最近，人们努力确定一组指标，这些指标假设代表大脑或认知储备的一个结构。由于缺乏证据来证明将变量预先分组为大脑或认知储备结构的合理性，这些努力也没有成功。本文从单一或多个储备因素的角度探讨了大脑和认知储备的构念效度（收敛和区分）问题。提出了概念模型，这些模型（a）源自当前现有的储备文献，（b）可以进行实证检验，以便为常用的、可能被误用的大脑和认知储备概念建立构念效度。
