Kovacs Mariann, Kovacs Eszter, Hegedu Katalin
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Croat Med J. 2010 Oct;51(5):432-42. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.432.
To investigate predictors of occupational burnout, such as emotion work, among health care workers and compare the frequencies of burnout and emotion work in nurses and physicians.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2007 and 2008 among 80 physicians and 76 nurses working in a variety of health care settings in Hungary. The survey contained sociodemographic questions and work- and health-related questions from, respectively, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the Hungarian version of the Frankfurt Emotion Work Scale. To identify the dimensions of emotion work associated with burnout, linear regression analyses were carried out. To analyze differences in burnout and emotion work between nurses and physicians, independent t tests were used.
Nurses reported significantly higher emotional dissonance and fewer regulation possibilities, such as interaction and emotion control, than physicians. However, no differences were found in the level or frequency of burnout. Nurses had fewer regulation requirements regarding sensitivity and sympathy. Linear regression analyses showed that emotional dissonance for emotional exhaustion (β=0.401) and display of negative emotions for depersonalization (β=0.332) were the strongest predictors of burnout.
The factors that should be taken into account when developing prevention and intervention programs differ for nurses and physicians. In nurses, the focus should be on stressors and emotional dissonance, while in physicians it should be on work requirements and display and regulation of negative emotions.
调查医护人员职业倦怠的预测因素，如情绪工作，并比较护士和医生职业倦怠及情绪工作的频率。
于2007年和2008年对匈牙利各类医疗机构的80名医生和76名护士进行了横断面调查。该调查包含社会人口统计学问题以及分别来自马氏职业倦怠量表-人类服务调查和匈牙利版法兰克福情绪工作量表的与工作和健康相关的问题。为确定与职业倦怠相关的情绪工作维度，进行了线性回归分析。为分析护士和医生在职业倦怠及情绪工作方面的差异，采用了独立样本t检验。
与医生相比，护士报告的情绪失调程度显著更高，而互动和情绪控制等调节可能性更少。然而，在职业倦怠的程度或频率方面未发现差异。护士在敏感性和同情心方面的调节要求更少。线性回归分析表明，情绪耗竭的情绪失调（β=0.401）和去个性化的负面情绪表达（β=0.332）是职业倦怠最强的预测因素。
在制定预防和干预方案时，护士和医生应考虑的因素有所不同。对于护士，重点应放在压力源和情绪失调上，而对于医生，则应放在工作要求以及负面情绪的表达和调节上。
