Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin/St. James' Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Ir J Med Sci. 2011 Jun;180(2):521-7. doi: 10.1007/s11845-010-0653-5. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
Obesity and the rising incidence of certain cancers are the manifest expressions of problems with diet and lifestyle. A number of complex and closely inter-related factors mediate the association between environment and cancer development. This review seeks to summarise the current evidence pertaining to dietary factors and cancer incidence and progression.
Relevant literature was identified by search of the Pubmed database using the terms: diet, cancer, carcinogenesis, tumourigenesis. References from relevant articles were searched. Selection of articles was based on peer review, journal and relevance. Where possible, meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or large RCTs were cited preferentially.
Variations in cancer trends between geographic regions and in migration studies point to the key role of environmental differences in cancer incidence. Mechanisms of tumorigenesis, including inflammation, angiogenesis, may be influenced by specific dietary constituents including glucosinolates, organosulphur compounds, genistein, curcumin, catechins, resveratrol and lycopene.
Despite epidemiological evidence suggesting a link between dietary factors and cancer development, confounding factors such as obesity, physical activity and the sheer variety of bioactive compounds in a normal diet pose a great challenge to the study of mechanisms linking diet and cancer. A greater understanding of the interplay between dietary constituents and cancer development should un-cover new targets for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
肥胖和某些癌症发病率的上升是饮食和生活方式出现问题的明显表现。许多复杂且密切相关的因素调节着环境与癌症发展之间的关联。本综述旨在总结与饮食因素与癌症发病率和进展相关的现有证据。
通过使用术语“饮食、癌症、致癌作用、肿瘤发生”在 Pubmed 数据库中搜索相关文献来确定相关文献。从相关文章的参考文献中进行了搜索。文章的选择基于同行评审、期刊和相关性。在可能的情况下，优先引用随机对照试验（RCT）或大型 RCT 的荟萃分析。
地理区域之间和移民研究中癌症趋势的变化表明环境差异在癌症发病率中起着关键作用。肿瘤发生的机制，包括炎症、血管生成，可能会受到特定饮食成分的影响，包括硫代葡萄糖苷、有机硫化合物、染料木黄酮、姜黄素、儿茶素、白藜芦醇和番茄红素。
尽管流行病学证据表明饮食因素与癌症发展之间存在关联，但肥胖、身体活动和正常饮食中生物活性化合物的多样性等混杂因素给研究饮食与癌症之间的联系机制带来了巨大挑战。对饮食成分与癌症发展之间相互作用的更深入了解，应该能够揭示预防和治疗癌症的新靶点。
