Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Adiyaman University, 02040 Adiyaman, Turkey.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2011 Sep;37(3):657-66. doi: 10.1007/s10695-011-9466-3. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
The present study was designed to compare the responses in freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to a synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin (CYP); an essential metal, copper (Cu); and a nonessential metal, lead (Pb). Fish were exposed to 0.05 μg/l CYP, 0.05 mg/l Cu, and 0.05 mg/l Pb for 4 and 21 days, and the alterations in serum enzyme activities, metabolite, and ion levels were determined. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased in response to CYP, Cu, and Pb exposures at both exposure periods. While elevations in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and in cholesterol level were observed in pesticide-exposed fish at 4 and 21 days, they increased in Cu- and Pb-exposed fish at 21 days. Although metal-exposed fish showed increases in cortisol and glucose levels at 4 days followed by a return to control levels at the end of the exposure period, their levels elevated in pesticide-exposed fish at both exposure periods. Total protein levels decreased in Pb- and pesticide-exposed fish at 21 days. Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels decreased in pesticide-exposed fish at both exposure periods and in Cu- and Pb-exposed fish at 21 days. The exposures of pesticide and metals caused an elevation in K⁺ level at the end of the exposure period. The present study showed that observed alterations in all serum biochemical parameters of fish-treated pesticide were higher than those in fish exposed to metals.
本研究旨在比较暴露于合成拟除虫菊酯、氯菊酯（CYP）、必需金属铜（Cu）和非必需金属铅（Pb）的淡水鱼奥利亚罗非鱼的反应。鱼分别暴露于 0.05μg/l CYP、0.05mg/l Cu 和 0.05mg/l Pb 4 天和 21 天，测定血清酶活性、代谢物和离子水平的变化。丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性在 CYP、Cu 和 Pb 暴露的两个暴露期均升高。碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性以及胆固醇水平升高在 4 天和 21 天的农药暴露鱼中观察到，但在 21 天的 Cu 和 Pb 暴露鱼中升高。虽然金属暴露鱼在 4 天的皮质醇和葡萄糖水平升高，然后在暴露期结束时恢复到对照水平，但在两个暴露期的农药暴露鱼中它们的水平升高。Pb 和农药暴露鱼在 21 天的总蛋白水平下降。Na⁺和 Cl⁻水平在两个暴露期的农药暴露鱼中以及在 21 天的 Cu 和 Pb 暴露鱼中下降。暴露于农药和金属会导致暴露期结束时 K⁺水平升高。本研究表明，与暴露于金属的鱼相比，暴露于农药的鱼的所有血清生化参数的变化更高。
