Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
Early Hum Dev. 2011 Mar;87(3):223-30. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.12.047. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
Studies investigating cognitive outcomes following docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of infant formula yield conflicting results, perhaps due to inadequate dietary concentrations.
To determine the optimal DHA concentration in term formula to support cognitive maturation.
This was a double-masked, randomized, controlled, prospective trial. A total of 181 infants were enrolled at 1-9 days of age and assigned randomly to receive one of four term infant formulas with one of four levels of docosahexaenoic acid: Control (0% DHA), 0.32% DHA, 0.64% DHA, or 0.96% DHA. All DHA-supplemented formulas contained 0.64% arachidonic acid (ARA). Infants were fed the assigned formulas until 12 months of age. One hundred forty-one children completed the 12-month feeding trial and were eligible for this study. Cognitive function was assessed in 131 children at 18 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II).
There were no diet group differences on the Mental Development Index (MDI), the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI), or the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS) of the BSID II. However, when the scores of children who received any of the three DHA-supplemented formulas were combined and compared to control children, a significant difference emerged: the MDI scores of DHA-supplemented children were higher (104.1 v. 98.4; p=0.02).
These results suggest that dietary supplementation of DHA during the first year of life leads to enhanced cognitive development at 18 months of age. DHA concentration of 0.32% is adequate to improve cognitive function; higher concentrations did not confer additional benefit.
研究表明，婴儿配方食品中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的补充对认知结果的影响存在争议，这可能是由于膳食浓度不足所致。
确定支持认知成熟的配方奶粉中 DHA 的最佳浓度。
这是一项双盲、随机、对照、前瞻性试验。共有 181 名婴儿在 1-9 天龄时入组，并随机分为四组，分别接受四种含不同 DHA 浓度的配方奶粉：对照组（0% DHA）、0.32% DHA、0.64% DHA 或 0.96% DHA。所有添加 DHA 的配方均含有 0.64%花生四烯酸（ARA）。婴儿接受指定的配方奶粉喂养至 12 个月龄。141 名儿童完成了 12 个月的喂养试验，符合本研究的条件。18 个月时，采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第二版（BSID II）对 131 名儿童的认知功能进行评估。
在精神发育指数（MDI）、精神运动发育指数（PDI）或 BSID II 的行为评定量表（BRS）上，各组间无饮食差异。然而，当将接受三种添加 DHA 配方之一的儿童的分数进行组合并与对照组儿童进行比较时，出现了显著差异：添加 DHA 的儿童的 MDI 分数更高（104.1 对 98.4；p=0.02）。
这些结果表明，生命第一年的膳食 DHA 补充可导致 18 个月时的认知发育增强。0.32%的 DHA 浓度足以改善认知功能；更高的浓度没有带来额外的益处。
