Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:259-88. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113720.
Work with patient H.M., beginning in the 1950s, established key principles about the organization of memory that inspired decades of experimental work. Since H.M., the study of human memory and its disorders has continued to yield new insights and to improve understanding of the structure and organization of memory. Here we review this work with emphasis on the neuroanatomy of medial temporal lobe and diencephalic structures important for memory, multiple memory systems, visual perception, immediate memory, memory consolidation, the locus of long-term memory storage, the concepts of recollection and familiarity, and the question of how different medial temporal lobe structures may contribute differently to memory functions.
与患者 H.M. 的合作始于 20 世纪 50 年代，确立了关于记忆组织的关键原则，这些原则激发了数十年来的实验工作。自 H.M. 以来，对人类记忆及其障碍的研究不断产生新的见解，并提高了对记忆的结构和组织的理解。在这里，我们重点回顾了内侧颞叶和间脑结构的神经解剖学，这些结构对记忆、多个记忆系统、视觉感知、即时记忆、记忆巩固、长期记忆存储的位置、再认和熟悉的概念以及不同的内侧颞叶结构如何可能对记忆功能有不同贡献的问题都很重要。
