School of Health Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2011 Jul 25;11:173. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-173.
The concept of knowledge management has been prevalent in the business sector for decades. Only recently has knowledge management been receiving attention by the health care sector, in part due to the ever growing amount of information that health care practitioners must handle. It has become essential to develop a way to manage the information coming in to and going out of a health care organization. The purpose of this paper was to summarize previous studies from the business literature that explored specific knowledge management tools, with the aim of extracting lessons that could be applied in the health domain.
We searched seven databases using keywords such as "knowledge management", "organizational knowledge", and "business performance". We included articles published between 2000-2009; we excluded non-English articles.
83 articles were reviewed and data were extracted to: (1) uncover reasons for initiating knowledge management strategies, (2) identify potential knowledge management strategies/solutions, and (3) describe facilitators and barriers to knowledge management.
KM strategies include such things as training sessions, communication technologies, process mapping and communities of practice. Common facilitators and barriers to implementing these strategies are discussed in the business literature, but rigorous studies about the effectiveness of such initiatives are lacking. The health care sector is at a pinnacle place, with incredible opportunities to design, implement (and evaluate) knowledge management systems. While more research needs to be done on how best to do this in healthcare, the lessons learned from the business sector can provide a foundation on which to build.
知识管理的概念在商业领域已经流行了几十年。直到最近，医疗保健行业才开始关注知识管理，部分原因是医疗保健从业者必须处理的信息量不断增加。开发一种管理医疗机构内部和外部信息的方法已变得至关重要。本文的目的是总结以往商业文献中探索特定知识管理工具的研究，旨在提取可应用于健康领域的经验教训。
我们使用“知识管理”、“组织知识”和“业务绩效”等关键词在七个数据库中进行搜索。我们纳入了 2000 年至 2009 年期间发表的文章；排除了非英语文章。
共审查了 83 篇文章，并提取了数据以：(1)揭示启动知识管理策略的原因，(2)确定潜在的知识管理策略/解决方案，以及(3)描述知识管理的促进因素和障碍。
KM 策略包括培训课程、沟通技术、流程映射和实践社区等。商业文献中讨论了实施这些策略的常见促进因素和障碍，但缺乏关于此类举措有效性的严格研究。医疗保健行业正处于一个巅峰时期，有机会设计、实施（和评估）知识管理系统。虽然需要进一步研究如何在医疗保健领域更好地实施知识管理，但可以借鉴商业领域的经验教训为基础。
