Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Bornsesteeg 1, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011 Jul 25;11:58. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-58.
Mushroom polysaccharides have traditionally been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude of disorders like infectious illnesses, cancers and various autoimmune diseases. Crude mushroom extracts have been tested without detailed chemical analyses of its polysaccharide content. For the present study we decided to chemically determine the carbohydrate composition of semi-purified extracts from 2 closely related and well known basidiomycete species, i.e. Agaricus bisporus and A. brasiliensis and to study their effects on the innate immune system, in particular on the in vitro induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, using THP-1 cells.
Mushroom polysaccharide extracts were prepared by hot water extraction and precipitation with ethanol. Their composition was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. PMA activated THP-1 cells were treated with the extracts under different conditions and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by qPCR.
Semi-purified polysaccharide extracts of A. bisporus and A. brasiliensis (= blazei) were found to contain (1→6),(1→4)-linked α-glucan, (1→6)-linked β-glucan, and mannogalactan. Their proportions were determined by integration of 1H-NMR signs, and were considerably different for the two species. A. brasiliensis showed a higher content of β-glucan, while A. bisporus presented mannogalactan as its main polysaccharide. The extracts induced a comparable increase of transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL-1β and TNF-α as well as of COX-2 in PMA differentiated THP-1 cells. Pro-inflammatory effects of bacterial LPS in this assay could be reduced significantly by the simultaneous addition of A. brasiliensis extract.
The polysaccharide preparations from the closely related species A. bisporus and A. brasiliensis show major differences in composition: A. bisporus shows high mannogalactan content whereas A. brasiliensis has mostly β-glucan. Semi-purified polysaccharide extracts from both Agaricus species stimulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, while the polysaccharide extract of A. brasiliensis reduced synthesis of these cytokines induced by LPS, suggesting programmable immunomodulation.
蘑菇多糖传统上被用于预防和治疗多种疾病，如传染病、癌症和各种自身免疫性疾病。粗蘑菇提取物未经详细的多糖含量化学分析就已进行了测试。在本研究中，我们决定对两种密切相关且广为人知的担子菌物种（即双孢蘑菇和巴西蘑菇）的半纯化提取物的碳水化合物组成进行化学测定，并使用 THP-1 细胞研究其对固有免疫系统的影响，特别是对体外诱导促炎细胞因子的影响。
通过热水提取和乙醇沉淀制备蘑菇多糖提取物。通过 GC-MS 和 NMR 光谱分析其组成。用 PMA 激活 THP-1 细胞，在不同条件下用提取物处理，并通过 qPCR 评估促炎细胞因子的产生。
发现双孢蘑菇和巴西蘑菇（= blazei）的半纯化多糖提取物含有（1→6）、（1→4）-连接的α-葡聚糖、（1→6）-连接的β-葡聚糖和甘露糖半乳糖聚糖。通过 1H-NMR 信号积分确定其比例，两种物种的比例差异很大。巴西蘑菇的β-葡聚糖含量较高，而双孢蘑菇的主要多糖为甘露糖半乳糖聚糖。提取物在 PMA 分化的 THP-1 细胞中诱导促炎细胞因子基因 IL-1β 和 TNF-α以及 COX-2 的转录增加。在该测定中，细菌 LPS 的促炎作用可通过同时添加巴西蘑菇提取物显著降低。
密切相关的双孢蘑菇和巴西蘑菇物种的多糖制剂在组成上存在显著差异：双孢蘑菇表现出高甘露糖半乳糖聚糖含量，而巴西蘑菇主要含有β-葡聚糖。两种蘑菇物种的半纯化多糖提取物均刺激促炎细胞因子和酶的产生，而巴西蘑菇多糖提取物可降低 LPS 诱导的这些细胞因子的合成，提示可编程免疫调节。
