School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02917, USA.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:1463-73. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S22021. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
The expansion of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a growing problem today. When medical devices are inserted into the body, it becomes especially difficult for the body to clear robustly adherent antibiotic-resistant biofilm infections. In addition, concerns about the spread of bacterial genetic tolerance to antibiotics, such as that found in multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have significantly increased of late. As a growing direction in biomaterial design, nanomaterials (materials with at least one dimension less than 100 nm) may potentially prevent bacterial functions that lead to infections. As a first step in this direction, various nanoparticles have been explored for improving bacteria and biofilm penetration, generating reactive oxygen species, and killing bacteria, potentially providing a novel method for fighting infections that is nondrug related. This review article will first examine in detail the mechanisms and applications of some of these nanoparticles, then follow with some recent material designs utilizing nanotechnology that are centered on fighting medical device infections.
细菌对抗生素耐药性的扩展是当今一个日益严重的问题。当医疗器械被插入体内时，身体很难清除牢固附着的抗生素耐药生物膜感染。此外，人们对细菌遗传耐药性对抗生素的传播的担忧（如多药耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）中发现的）最近显著增加。作为生物材料设计的一个新兴方向，纳米材料（至少一个维度小于 100nm 的材料）可能具有阻止导致感染的细菌功能的潜力。作为这一方向的第一步，已经探索了各种纳米颗粒来改善细菌和生物膜的穿透性、产生活性氧物质和杀死细菌，从而为非药物相关的抗感染提供一种新方法。本文将首先详细研究其中一些纳米颗粒的作用机制和应用，然后介绍一些最近利用纳米技术的材料设计，这些设计主要集中在对抗医疗器械感染上。
