Foreest Medical School, Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
BMJ Qual Saf. 2011 Nov;20(11):991-1000. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000148. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
Background Patient safety training of healthcare professionals is a new area of education. Assessment of the pertinent competencies should be a part of this education. This review aims to identify the available assessment tools for different patient safety domains and evaluate them according to Miller's four competency levels. Methods The authors searched PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, psycINFO and the Education Resource Information Center (ERIC) from the start of each database to December 2010 for English-language articles that evaluated or described tools for the assessment of the safety competencies of individual medical and/or nursing professionals. Reports on the assessment of technical, clinical, medication and disclosure skills were excluded. Results Thirty-four assessment tools in 48 studies were identified: 20 tools for medical professionals, nine tools for nursing professionals, and five tools for both medical and nursing professionals. Twenty of these tools assessed the two highest Miller levels ('shows how' and 'does') and four tools were directed at multiple levels. Most of the tools that aimed at the higher levels assessed the skills of working in teams (17 tools), risk management (15 tools), and communication (11 tools). Internal structure (reliability, 22 tools) and content validity (14 tools) when described were found to be moderate. Only a small number of tools addressed the relationship between the tool itself and (1) other assessments (concurrent, predictive validity, eight tools), and (2) educational outcomes (seven tools). Conclusions There are many tools designed to assess the safety competencies of healthcare professionals. However, a reliable and valid toolbox for summative testing that covers all patient safety domains at Miller's four competency levels cannot yet be constructed. Many tools, however, are useful for formative feedback.
背景 医疗专业人员的患者安全培训是教育的一个新领域。评估相关能力应该是该教育的一部分。本综述旨在确定不同患者安全领域的可用评估工具，并根据 Miller 的四个能力水平对其进行评估。
方法 作者检索了 PubMed、MEDLINE、护理与健康相关文献累积索引（CINAHL）、Web of Science、psycINFO 和教育资源信息中心（ERIC），从每个数据库的开始时间到 2010 年 12 月，以英文发表的评估或描述个体医疗和/或护理专业人员安全能力评估工具的文章。排除了关于技术、临床、用药和披露技能评估的报告。
结果 确定了 48 项研究中的 34 种评估工具：20 种用于医疗专业人员，9 种用于护理专业人员，5 种用于医疗和护理专业人员。其中 20 种工具评估了 Miller 的两个最高水平（“如何展示”和“能够做到”），4 种工具针对多个水平。旨在达到较高水平的大多数工具评估了团队工作（17 种工具）、风险管理（15 种工具）和沟通（11 种工具）的技能。描述的内部结构（可靠性，22 种工具）和内容有效性（14 种工具）被认为是中等的。只有少数工具涉及工具本身与（1）其他评估（同期、预测有效性，8 种工具）以及（2）教育结果（7 种工具）之间的关系。
结论 有许多工具用于评估医疗保健专业人员的安全能力。然而，尚不能构建一个涵盖 Miller 的四个能力水平的所有患者安全领域的可靠和有效的总结性测试工具包。但是，许多工具对于形成性反馈很有用。
