Hardjojo Antony, Shek Lynette Pc, van Bever Hugo Ps, Lee Bee Wah
Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
Asia Pac Allergy. 2011 Oct;1(3):115-22. doi: 10.5415/apallergy.2011.1.3.115. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
Rhinitis is a disease of the upper airway characterized by runny and/or blocked nose and/or sneezing. Though not viewed as a life threatening condition, it is also recognized to impose significant burden to the quality of life of sufferers and their caretakers and imposes an economic cost to society. Through a PubMed online search of the literature from 2006 to September 2011, this paper aims to review the published literature on rhinitis in young children below the age of 6 years. It is apparent from epidemiology studies that rhinitis in this age group is a relatively common problem. The condition has a heterogenous etiology with classification into allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Respiratory viral infections may play a role in the pathogenesis of long standing rhinitis, but definitive studies are still lacking. Treatment guidelines for management are lacking for this age group, and is a significant unmet need. Although the consensus is that co-morbidities including otitis media with effusion, adenoidal hypertrophy and asthma, are important considerations of management of these children. Pharmacotherapy is limited for young children especially for those below the age of 2 years. This review underscores the lack of understanding of rhinitis in early childhood and therefore the need for further research in this area.
鼻炎是一种上呼吸道疾病，其特征为流鼻涕和/或鼻塞和/或打喷嚏。尽管它不被视为危及生命的病症，但它也被认为会给患者及其照顾者的生活质量带来重大负担，并给社会造成经济成本。通过对2006年至2011年9月期间PubMed在线文献搜索，本文旨在综述6岁以下幼儿鼻炎的已发表文献。从流行病学研究中可以明显看出，这个年龄组的鼻炎是一个相对常见的问题。该病病因各异，可分为过敏性鼻炎和非过敏性鼻炎。呼吸道病毒感染可能在长期鼻炎的发病机制中起作用，但仍缺乏确凿的研究。这个年龄组缺乏治疗管理指南，这是一个尚未得到满足的重大需求。尽管共识是包括分泌性中耳炎、腺样体肥大和哮喘在内的合并症是这些儿童管理的重要考虑因素。药物治疗对幼儿有限，尤其是对2岁以下的儿童。这篇综述强调了对幼儿鼻炎缺乏了解，因此需要在这一领域进行进一步研究。
