University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
J Virol. 2012 Feb;86(3):1307-15. doi: 10.1128/JVI.06077-11. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
To determine the influence of asymptomatic genital viral infections on the cellular components of semen and blood, we evaluated the associations between the numbers and activation statuses of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in both compartments and the seminal levels of cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV). Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 36 HIV-infected antiretroviral-naïve individuals and from 40 HIV-uninfected participants. We performed multiparameter flow cytometry analysis (CD45, CD45RA, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD38) of seminal and blood cellular components and measured HIV RNA and CMV and HSV DNA levels in seminal and blood plasma by real-time PCR. Compared to HIV-uninfected participants, in the seminal compartment HIV-infected participants had higher levels of CMV (P < 0.05), higher numbers of total CD3+ (P < 0.01) and CD8+ subset (P < 0.01) T lymphocytes, and higher CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte activation (RA-CD38+) (P < 0.01). Seminal CMV levels positively correlated with absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in semen (P < 0.05) and with the activation status of CD4+ T cells in semen and in blood (P < 0.01). HIV levels in semen (P < 0.05) and blood (P < 0.01) were positively associated with T-cell activation in blood. Activation of CD8+ T cells in blood remained an independent predictor of HIV levels in semen in multivariate analysis. The virologic milieu in the male genital tract strongly influences the recruitment and activation of immune cells in semen and may also modulate T-cell immune activation in blood. These factors likely influence replication dynamics, sexual transmission risk, and disease outcomes for all three viruses.
为了确定无症状的生殖器病毒感染对精液和血液中细胞成分的影响，我们评估了两个部位的 CD4+和 CD8+T 淋巴细胞数量和激活状态与巨细胞病毒（CMV）、单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒 1（HIV）在精液中的水平之间的相关性。我们从 36 名未经抗逆转录病毒治疗的 HIV 感染的、初治的个体和 40 名 HIV 未感染的参与者中采集了配对的血液和精液样本。我们对精液和血液细胞成分进行了多参数流式细胞术分析（CD45、CD45RA、CD3、CD4、CD8 和 CD38），并通过实时 PCR 测量了精液和血浆中的 HIV RNA 和 CMV 以及 HSV DNA 水平。与 HIV 未感染的参与者相比，在精液中，HIV 感染者的 CMV 水平更高（P < 0.05），总 CD3+（P < 0.01）和 CD8+亚群（P < 0.01）T 淋巴细胞数量更多，CD4+和 CD8+T 淋巴细胞激活（RA-CD38+）更高（P < 0.01）。精液中的 CMV 水平与精液中 CD4+和 CD8+T 细胞的绝对数量呈正相关（P < 0.05），与精液和血液中 CD4+T 细胞的激活状态呈正相关（P < 0.01）。精液（P < 0.05）和血液（P < 0.01）中的 HIV 水平与血液中的 T 细胞激活呈正相关。在多变量分析中，血液中 CD8+T 细胞的激活仍然是精液中 HIV 水平的独立预测因子。男性生殖道的病毒环境强烈影响精液中免疫细胞的募集和激活，也可能调节血液中的 T 细胞免疫激活。这些因素可能影响所有三种病毒的复制动力学、性传播风险和疾病结局。
