115 Kastle Hall, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, KY 40506, United States.
Addict Behav. 2012 Mar;37(3):331-4. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.005. Epub 2011 Nov 6.
The very early onset of smoking predicts numerous health problems. The authors conducted the first test of one risk model for elementary school age smoking, known as the acquired preparedness (AP) model of risk, in a cross-sectional sample of 309 5th grade children. The model posits that (a) impulsivity-related personality traits contribute to risk for a variety of risky, maladaptive behaviors; (b) smoking expectancies confer risk only for smoking; and (c) the personality traits contribute to the formation of high risk expectancies for reinforcement from smoking, which in turn increases the likelihood of early onset smoking. The model was supported: the high-risk personality traits distinguished children engaging in any risky, maladaptive behavior from other children, and the smoking expectancies differentiated smokers from all other children. The relationship between personality tendencies to act rashly when experiencing intense positive or negative emotions and smoker status was partially mediated by expectancies for reinforcement from smoking. This model should be investigated longitudinally.
吸烟开始得很早预示着会出现许多健康问题。作者对一个用于预测小学生吸烟风险的模型（即获得性准备（AP）风险模型）进行了首次检验，该模型是在一个由 309 名五年级儿童组成的横断面样本中进行的。该模型假设：（a）与冲动有关的人格特质会导致各种危险、适应不良的行为的风险；（b）吸烟预期只会对吸烟产生风险；（c）人格特质有助于形成对吸烟奖励的高风险预期，从而增加了早期吸烟的可能性。该模型得到了支持：高风险人格特质将从事任何危险、适应不良行为的儿童与其他儿童区分开来，而吸烟预期则将吸烟者与所有其他儿童区分开来。当经历强烈的积极或消极情绪时，草率行事的人格倾向与吸烟者身份之间的关系部分通过吸烟的奖励预期来介导。应该对此模型进行纵向研究。
