University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, USA.
Br J Nutr. 2012 Aug;108(3):536-51. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511006465. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
Many dietary recommendations include reduction of excessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and other energy-rich beverages such as juices and alcohol. The present study examines surveys of both individual dietary intake data and household food expenditure surveys to provide a picture of patterns and trends in beverage intake and purchases in Great Britain from 1986 to 2009, and estimates the potential for pricing policy to promote more healthful beverage purchase patterns. In 2008-9, beverages accounted for 21, 14 and 18 % of daily energy intake for children aged 1·5-18 and 4-18 years, and adults (19-64 years), respectively. Since the 1990s, the most important shifts have been a reduction in consumption of high-fat dairy products and an increased consumption of fruit juices and reduced-fat milk among preschoolers, children and adolescents. Among adults, consumption of high-fat milk beverages, sweetened tea and coffee and other energy-containing drinks fell, but reduced-fat milk, alcohol (particularly beer) and fruit juice rose. In testing taxation as an option for shifting beverage purchase patterns, we calculate that a 10 % increase in the price of SSB could potentially result in a decrease of 7·5 ml/capita per d. A similar 10 % tax on high-fat milk is associated with a reduction of high-fat milk purchases by 5 ml/capita per d and increased reduced-fat milk purchase by 7 ml/capita per d. This analysis implies that taxation or other methods of shifting relative costs of these beverages could be a way to improve beverage choices in Great Britain.
许多饮食建议包括减少过量摄入含糖饮料（SSB）和其他高能量饮料，如果汁和酒精。本研究通过个人饮食摄入数据调查和家庭食品支出调查，考察了 1986 年至 2009 年英国饮料摄入和购买模式及趋势，并评估了定价政策在促进更健康的饮料购买模式方面的潜力。在 2008-2009 年，饮料分别占 1.5-18 岁和 4-18 岁儿童以及成年人（19-64 岁）日常能量摄入的 21%、14%和 18%。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，最重要的变化是学龄前儿童、儿童和青少年中高脂肪乳制品的消费减少，以及果汁和低脂牛奶的消费增加。在成年人中，高脂肪牛奶饮料、加糖茶和咖啡以及其他含能量饮料的消费减少，而低脂牛奶、酒精（特别是啤酒）和果汁的消费增加。在测试税收作为改变饮料购买模式的一种选择时，我们计算出 SSB 价格上涨 10%，可能导致每人每天减少 7.5 毫升。对高脂肪牛奶征收类似的 10%税，可使高脂肪牛奶的购买量每人每天减少 5 毫升，而低脂牛奶的购买量每人每天增加 7 毫升。这项分析表明，对这些饮料征收税收或其他改变相对成本的方法，可能是改善英国饮料选择的一种途径。
