MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012 Jan;8(1):81-8. doi: 10.4161/hv.8.1.17623. Epub 2012 Jan 1.
Two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses have circulated globally since 1985. However, licensed trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines contain antigens from only a single influenza B virus and thus provide limited immunity against circulating influenza B strains of the lineage not present in the vaccine. In recent years, predictions about which B lineage will predominate in an upcoming influenza season have been no better than chance alone, correct in only 5 of the 10 seasons from 2001 to 2011. Consequently, seasonal influenza vaccines could be improved by inclusion of influenza B strains of both lineages. The resulting quadrivalent influenza vaccines would allow influenza vaccination campaigns to respond more effectively to current global influenza epidemiology. Manufacturing capacity for seasonal influenza vaccines has increased sufficiently to supply quadrivalent influenza vaccines, and methods to identify the influenza B strains to include in such vaccines are in place. Multiple manufacturers have initiated clinical studies of quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Data from those studies, taken together with epidemiologic data regarding the burden of disease caused by influenza B infections, will determine the safety, effectiveness, and benefit of utilizing quadrivalent vaccines for the prevention of seasonal influenza disease.
自 1985 年以来，两种具有不同抗原性的乙型流感病毒在全球范围内传播。然而，许可的三价季节性流感疫苗仅包含来自单一乙型流感病毒的抗原，因此对疫苗中未包含的流行乙型流感病毒株提供的免疫力有限。近年来，关于哪种 B 谱系将在即将到来的流感季节中占主导地位的预测并不比单凭运气更好，在 2001 年至 2011 年的 10 个季节中仅正确预测了 5 个。因此，通过包含两种谱系的乙型流感病毒株可以改进季节性流感疫苗。由此产生的四价流感疫苗将使流感疫苗接种运动能够更有效地应对当前的全球流感流行病学。季节性流感疫苗的制造能力已经大大提高，可以供应四价流感疫苗，并且已经确定了用于确定此类疫苗中包含的流感 B 株的方法。多个制造商已经开始对四价流感疫苗进行临床研究。这些研究的数据，加上关于乙型流感感染引起的疾病负担的流行病学数据，将决定使用四价疫苗预防季节性流感疾病的安全性、有效性和益处。
