Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University, 2224 Au Sable Hall, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2012 Jul;40(5):812-26. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0179-8.
During narrative comprehension, readers construct representations of the situation described by a text, called situation models. Theories of situation model construction and event comprehension posit two distinct types of situation model updating: incremental updating of individual situational dimensions, and global updates in which an old model is abandoned and a new one created. No research to date has directly tested whether readers update their situation models incrementally, globally, or both. We investigated whether both incremental and global updating occur during narrative comprehension. Participants typed what they were thinking while reading an extended narrative, and then segmented the narrative into meaningful events. Each typed think-aloud response was coded for whether it mentioned characters, objects, space, time, goals, or causes. There was evidence for both incremental and global updating: Readers mentioned situation dimensions more when those dimensions changed, controlling for the onset of a new event. Readers also mentioned situation dimensions more at points when a new event began than during event middles, controlling for the presence of situational change. These results support theories that claim that readers engage in both incremental and global updating during extended narrative comprehension.
在叙述性理解过程中，读者构建文本所描述的情境的表示形式，称为情境模型。情境模型构建和事件理解理论假设了两种不同类型的情境模型更新：对单个情境维度的增量更新，以及放弃旧模型并创建新模型的全局更新。迄今为止，尚无研究直接测试读者是否会增量、全局或两者兼而有之更新他们的情境模型。我们调查了叙述性理解过程中是否同时发生增量和全局更新。参与者在阅读扩展叙述时输入他们的想法，然后将叙述分割成有意义的事件。对每个键入的思考 aloud 响应进行编码，以确定它是否提到了人物、物体、空间、时间、目标或原因。有证据表明存在增量和全局更新：当情境维度发生变化时，读者会更多地提到情境维度，而控制新事件的开始。读者还会在新事件开始时比在事件中间更多地提到情境维度，而控制情境变化的存在。这些结果支持了那些声称读者在扩展的叙述性理解过程中同时进行增量和全局更新的理论。
