Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Apr;2(2):206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.015. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
Filoviruses are hemorrhagic fever-causing agents that produce enveloped virions with a filamentous morphology. The viral surface glycoprotein, GP, orchestrates the surprisingly complex process by which filoviruses gain access to the cytoplasm of their host cells. GP mediates viral attachment to cells through multiple, redundant interactions with cell-surface factors. GP then induces virion internalization by a process that resembles cellular macropinocytosis. Within the endo/lysosomal pathway, GP undergoes a series of structural rearrangements, controlled by interactions with host factors, that prime and activate it to bring about fusion between the viral and cellular lipid bilayers. Membrane fusion delivers the viral nucleocapsid core into the cytoplasm, which is the site of filovirus replication. This review summarizes our understanding of the filovirus entry mechanism, with emphasis on recent findings.
丝状病毒是引起出血热的病原体，可产生带有丝状形态的包膜病毒。病毒表面糖蛋白 GP 通过多种冗余的与细胞表面因子相互作用，协调着丝状病毒进入宿主细胞细胞质的复杂过程。GP 通过类似于细胞巨胞饮的过程介导病毒与细胞的附着。在内涵体/溶酶体途径中，GP 经历一系列由与宿主因子相互作用控制的结构重排，使其启动并激活，从而导致病毒和细胞脂双层之间发生融合。膜融合将病毒核衣壳核心递送到细胞质中，这是丝状病毒复制的部位。本文综述了我们对丝状病毒进入机制的理解，重点介绍了最近的发现。
