Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council of Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Nov;404(9):2597-610. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6067-7. Epub 2012 Jun 6.
The purpose of this article is to summarize biological monitoring information on UV-absorbing compounds, commonly referred as organic UV filters or sunscreen agents, in aquatic ecosystems. To date a limited range of species (macroinvertebrates, fish, and birds), habitats (lakes, rivers, and sea), and compounds (benzophenones and camphors) have been investigated. As a consequence there is not enough data enabling reliable understanding of the global distribution and effect of UV filters on ecosystems. Both liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based methods have been developed and applied to the trace analysis of these pollutants in biota, enabling the required selectivity and sensitivity. As expected, the most lipophilic compounds occur most frequently with concentrations up to 7112 ng g(-1) lipids in mussels and 3100 ng g(-1) lipids (homosalate) in fish. High concentrations have also been reported for 4-methylbenzilidenecamphor (up to 1800 ng g(-1) lipids) and octocrylene (2400 ng g(-1) lipids). Many fewer studies have evaluated the potential bioaccumulation and biomagnification of these compounds in both fresh and marine water and terrestrial food webs. Estimated biomagnification factors suggest biomagnification in predator-prey pairs, for example bird-fish and fish-invertebrates. Ecotoxicological data and preliminary environmental assessment of the risk of UV filters are also included and discussed.
本文旨在总结水生生态系统中紫外线吸收化合物（通常称为有机紫外线滤光剂或防晒霜）的生物监测信息。迄今为止，研究范围有限，涉及的物种（大型无脊椎动物、鱼类和鸟类）、生境（湖泊、河流和海洋）和化合物（二苯甲酮和樟脑）。因此，没有足够的数据能够可靠地了解紫外线滤光剂在全球范围内对生态系统的分布和影响。液相色谱法和气相色谱法与质谱联用技术已被开发并应用于生物群中这些污染物的痕量分析，从而实现了所需的选择性和灵敏度。正如预期的那样，最亲脂性的化合物最常出现，在贻贝中的浓度高达 7112ng/g 脂质，在鱼类中的浓度高达 3100ng/g 脂质（胡莫柳酯）。还报道了 4-甲基亚苄基樟脑（高达 1800ng/g 脂质）和奥克立林（2400ng/g 脂质）的高浓度。在淡水、海水和陆地食物网中，评估这些化合物潜在生物累积和生物放大作用的研究要少得多。估计的生物放大因子表明，在捕食者-猎物对（例如鸟类-鱼类和鱼类-无脊椎动物）中存在生物放大作用。本文还包括并讨论了紫外线滤光剂的生态毒理学数据和初步环境评估风险。
