Hermalin Albert I, Lowry Deborah S
University of Michigan.
Popul Res Policy Rev. 2012 Aug;31(4):545-570. doi: 10.1007/s11113-012-9239-4.
The smoking prevalence by age of women in China is distinct from most other countries in showing more frequent smoking among older women than younger. Using newly developed birth cohort histories of smoking, the authors demonstrate that although over one quarter of women born 1908-1912 smoked, levels of smoking declined across successive cohorts. This occurred despite high rates of smoking by men and the wide availability of cigarettes. The analysis shows how this pattern is counter to that predicted by the leading theoretical perspectives on the diffusion of smoking and suggests that it arose out of a mix of Confucian traditions relating to gender and the socio-economic and political events early in the 20(th) century which placed emerging women's identities in conflict with national identities. That a similar pattern of smoking is evident in Japan and Korea, two countries with strong cultural affinities to China, is used to buttress the argument.
中国女性吸烟率按年龄分布的情况与大多数其他国家不同，表现为老年女性吸烟比年轻女性更为频繁。作者利用新编制的吸烟出生队列史表明，尽管1908年至1912年出生的女性中有超过四分之一吸烟，但吸烟水平在后续队列中呈下降趋势。尽管男性吸烟率很高且香烟广泛可得，但这种情况仍发生了。分析表明，这种模式与吸烟传播的主要理论观点所预测的情况相反，并表明它源于与性别相关的儒家传统以及20世纪早期的社会经济和政治事件的综合影响，这些事件使新兴的女性身份与国家身份产生了冲突。与中国文化有紧密联系的日本和韩国也存在类似的吸烟模式，这一情况被用来支持该论点。
