The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Oct;64(13):1532-43. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.08.004. Epub 2012 Aug 19.
Personalized medicine aims to deliver the right drug to a right patient at the right time. It offers unique opportunities to integrate new technologies and concepts to disease prognosis, diagnosis and therapeutics. While selective personalized therapies are conceptually impressive, the majority of cancer therapies have dismal outcome. Such therapeutic failure could result from no response, drug resistance, disease relapse or severe side effect from improper drug delivery. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, has a potential to advance the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and the delivery of right drug to disease sites. Epigenetic aberrations dynamically contribute to cancer pathogenesis. Given the individualized traits of epigenetic biomarkers, epigenetic considerations would significantly refine personalized nanomedicine. This review aims to dissect the interface of personalized medicine with nanomedicine and epigenetics. I will outline the progress and highlight challenges and areas that can be further explored perfecting the personalized health care.
个性化医疗旨在在正确的时间将正确的药物提供给正确的患者。它为整合新技术和新概念以进行疾病预后、诊断和治疗提供了独特的机会。虽然选择性的个性化治疗在概念上令人印象深刻，但大多数癌症治疗的效果并不理想。这种治疗失败可能是由于没有反应、耐药性、疾病复发或由于药物输送不当而产生严重的副作用。纳米医学是纳米技术在医学中的应用，它有可能促进诊断和预后生物标志物的识别以及将正确的药物输送到疾病部位。表观遗传学异常动态地促进癌症的发病机制。鉴于表观遗传生物标志物的个体化特征，对表观遗传学的考虑将显著完善个性化纳米医学。本综述旨在剖析个性化医学与纳米医学和表观遗传学的接口。我将概述进展，并强调可以进一步探索的挑战和领域，以完善个性化医疗保健。
