Fraser Paige E, Rosen Allyson C
Psychiatry, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Front Psychiatry. 2012 Aug 31;3:79. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00079. eCollection 2012.
While few studies have applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to smoking addiction, existing work suggests that the intervention holds promise for altering the complex system by which environmental cues interact with cravings to drive behavior. Imaging and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies suggest that increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation and integrity may be associated with increased resistance to smoking cues. Anodal tDCS of the DLPFC, believed to boost activation, reduces cravings in response to these cues. The finding that noninvasive stimulation modifies cue induced cravings has profound implications for understanding the processes underlying addiction and relapse. tDCS can also be applied to probe mechanisms underlying and supporting nicotine addiction, as was done in a pharmacologic study that applied nicotine, tDCS, and TMS paired associative stimulation to find that stopping nicotine after chronic use induces a reduction in plasticity, causing difficulty in breaking free from association between cues and cravings. This mini-review will place studies that apply tDCS to smokers in the context of research involving the neural substrates of nicotine addiction.
虽然很少有研究将经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）应用于吸烟成瘾，但现有研究表明，这种干预措施有望改变环境线索与渴望相互作用以驱动行为的复杂系统。成像和重复经颅磁刺激研究表明，背外侧前额叶皮质（DLPFC）激活增加和完整性增强可能与对吸烟线索的抵抗力增加有关。据信能增强激活的DLPFC阳极tDCS可减少对这些线索的渴望。无创刺激可改变线索诱发的渴望这一发现，对理解成瘾和复发的潜在过程具有深远意义。tDCS还可用于探究尼古丁成瘾的潜在机制并提供支持，就像在一项药理学研究中那样，该研究应用尼古丁、tDCS和TMS配对联想刺激，发现长期使用尼古丁后停止使用会导致可塑性降低，从而难以打破线索与渴望之间的关联。本综述将把tDCS应用于吸烟者的研究置于涉及尼古丁成瘾神经基础的研究背景中。
