受影响司机的乘客。
Passengers of impaired drivers.
机构信息
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), Impaired Driving Center, PIRE, 11720 Beltsville Dr., Suite 900, Calverton, MD 20705-3111, USA.
出版信息
J Safety Res. 2012 Jul;43(3):163-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2012.05.004. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
INTRODUCTION
The aims of this study are: (a) to estimate the prevalence of passengers riding with alcohol-impaired drivers; (b) to investigate the role of demographic factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational status) and relevant driving conditions (time of the day, trip origin, vehicle ownership) on shaping the likelihood of alcohol-impaired driving; (c) to identify and estimate the prevalence of passengers as alternative drivers (PADs); and (d) to examine the role that vehicle ownership plays in shaping the occurrence of PADs.
METHOD
Data came from a unique convenience sample of passengers obtained from the 2007 National Roadside Survey, a random sample of drivers from the 48 contiguous states.
RESULTS
The prevalence of PADs in the targeted population (mostly weekend night vehicles) was higher with drivers at .00<BAC<.08 (17%-43%) than at BAC≥.08 (6%-29%) drivers. The evidence suggests that targeted policies to encourage PADs to drive might be possible. However, vehicle ownership is a large impediment for PADs to act as designated drivers. We speculate that vehicle ownership may be a main reason for the less-than expected success of the "designated driver" concept.
简介
本研究旨在：(a) 估计乘客搭载酒后驾车司机的比例；(b) 调查人口统计学因素（年龄、性别、种族/族裔、教育程度）和相关驾驶条件（一天中的时间、行程起点、车辆所有权）对酒后驾车可能性的影响；(c) 确定并估计替代驾驶人员（PAD）的比例；(d) 研究车辆所有权在塑造 PAD 发生方面的作用。
方法
数据来自于 2007 年全国路边调查的乘客独特便利样本，这是来自 48 个相邻州的司机的随机样本。
结果
在目标人群（主要是周末夜间车辆）中，BAC<0.08（17%-43%）的酒后驾车司机的 PAD 比例高于 BAC≥0.08（6%-29%）的酒后驾车司机。有证据表明，鼓励 PAD 驾驶的有针对性政策可能是可行的。然而，车辆所有权是 PAD 充当指定驾驶员的一大障碍。我们推测，车辆所有权可能是“指定驾驶员”概念不太成功的主要原因。
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