Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, United States.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2013 Jun;24(3):376-84. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.02.017. Epub 2013 Mar 16.
Non-photosynthetic routes for biological fixation of carbon dioxide into valuable industrial chemical precursors and fuels are moving from concept to reality. The development of 'electrofuel'-producing microorganisms leverages techniques in synthetic biology, genetic and metabolic engineering, as well as systems-level multi-omic analysis, directed evolution, and in silico modeling. Electrofuel processes are being developed for a range of microorganisms and energy sources (e.g. hydrogen, formate, electricity) to produce a variety of target molecules (e.g. alcohols, terpenes, alkenes). This review examines the current landscape of electrofuel projects with a focus on hydrogen-utilizing organisms covering the biochemistry of hydrogenases and carbonic anhydrases, kinetic and energetic analyses of the known carbon fixation pathways, and the state of genetic systems for current and prospective electrofuel-producing microorganisms.
非光合途径将二氧化碳生物固定为有价值的工业化学前体和燃料正从概念走向现实。“电燃料”生产微生物的开发利用了合成生物学、遗传和代谢工程以及系统水平的多组学分析、定向进化和计算机模拟等技术。正在为一系列微生物和能源（例如氢气、甲酸盐、电力）开发电燃料工艺，以生产各种目标分子（例如醇类、萜烯类、烯烃类）。本综述考察了当前的电燃料项目，重点关注利用氢气的生物体，涵盖氢化酶和碳酸酐酶的生物化学、已知碳固定途径的动力学和能量分析，以及当前和潜在电燃料生产微生物的遗传系统状态。
